CPHM - OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

• Hazard - anything that can cause injury, illness, property damage, or loss of material.
• Risk - the probability and severity of a worker being harmed by the hazard
• Occupational Hazards in the workplace in HEALTH HAZARD - Physical, Biological, Chemical and Ergonomic
• Occupational Hazard in the workplace in SAFETY HAZARDS - Unsafe condition, and Unsafe act
• Physical Hazards - these agents within the work environment that may cause physical harm or tissue damage. This includes radiation, extreme temperature, noise, electric and vibration.
• Chemical Hazards - these are chemicals in the work environment that may be potentially toxic and irritating to the body. This includes dust, fumes, vapors, solvent and oils
• Acute hazards on Physical Hazard - Skin burns and Cuts
• Chronic Hazards on Physical Hazards - Leukemia, cancer, and other diseases
• Acute Hazards on Chemical Hazards - Respiratory irritation, chemical burns, and contact dermatitis
• Chronic Hazards on Chemical Hazards - Cancers, Pneumonia and birth defects
• Biological Hazards - workers in a certain occupations and where viruses, bacteria, fungi, mold or parasites can be found in here
• Acute hazards on Biological Hazards - Self limiting infection like colds, influenza and many more
• Chronic Hazards on Biological Hazards - TB, Hepatitis B virus infection
• Mechanical Hazards - these can cause stress on musculoskeletal or other parts of the body. This includes inadequate work-station and tool design, frequent repetition of a limited movement, and repeated awkward movements
• Acute Hazards on Mechanical Hazards - Neck strain and visual fatigue
• Chronic Hazards on Mechanical Hazards - back injury and carpal tunnel syndrome
• Psychological Hazards - often related to nature of job, organizational structure, culture, leadership and management style, etc. It also include interpersonal conflict, overtime, sexual harassment, role conflict gender differences, etc.
• Acute Hazards on Psychological Hazards - BP, sleep disturbance, fatigue, depression
• Chronic Hazards on Psychological Hazards - Hypertension and alcoholism
• Work Related Injuries and Illnesses

  Occupational Injury - this result from a single incident in the work
• Occupational Illness - Any abnormal condition or disorder cause by exposure to environmental factors associated with employment
• Important Occupational Health Problems

  • Occupational lung disease
  • Musculoskeletal Injuries
  • Occupational cancer
  • Traumatic death
  • Cardiovascular diseases
  • Reproductive problems
  • Neurotoxic illness
  • Noise-induced hearing
  • Dermatologic problems
  • Psychological disorders
• Factors that Influence that Nature and Extent of the Occupational Health Programs

  • Type of Industry or business
  • Nature of its products and of the ingredients  and equipment used in its manufacture
  • Size and location of the establishment
• Application of Public Health Principles to Occupational Health Program

  1. Primary Prevention
  2. Secondary Prevention
  3. Tertiary Prevention
• Primary Prevention

  •Includes the history and physical examination to assess level of wellness

  •Workplace is surveyed periodically to protect workers from potential health hazards
• Secondary Prevention - Despite primary prevention efforts certain diseases or disability continue to exists. Early detection and treatment of both work and non-work-related health problems must be available to workers
• Tertiary Prevention - Rehabilitation efforts are directed toward workers disabled by occupational and non-occupational problems
• Prevention and control of occupational diseases and injuries

  1. Safe and healthful working condition
  2. Control of personal causes of injuries
  3. Provision of medical services
• Safe and healthful working condition

  • Proper building design
  • Pleasant and safe workplace in terms of space, ventilation, temperature and lighting safe and design of machines and tools
  • Control of chemical and physical factors in  the plant
• Control of personal causes of injuries

  • Placement of workers according to their age, sex, physical and mental ability
  • Removal of stress and other related factors
  • Promotion of good human relation
• Provision of medical services

  • Pre-employment and periodic medical  examinations
  • Health education and other preventive  measures
  • Treatment of occupational and non-occupational diseases
• Legal Control of Occupational Health Services

  RA 1054 / Occupational Health Act

  • Provides free emergency medical and dental assistance to laborers in industries
• PD442 / Labor Code of the Philippines

  • Provides protection to labor, promote employment and human resources development and ensure industrial peace based on social justice
• PD626 / Employees Compensation and State Insurance Fund or Workers Compensation Law

  • Promote and develop a tax-exempt employees’ compensation program whereby employees and their dependents, in the event of work connected disability and death, may promptly secure adequate income benefit and medical or related benefits
• RA 679 & RA1131 / Woman and Child Labor Law

  • Regulates employment of woman and children in industries
• CONTROL MEASURES

  1. Administrative Control
  2. Engineering Control
  3. Use of PPE
• Administrative Control

  • work transfer
  • job rotation
  • rest breaks
  • training
  • policies and procedures
• Engineering Control

  • substitution
  • isolation
  • machine guards
  • lockout/ tag-out system
  • automation