Session 5

• Gallipoli

  An important attack by Britain, France and ANZAC forces against Turkey, an ally of Germany, in 1915 to try and take the Gallipoli peninsula
• Gallipoli campaign

  1. Royal Navy attempted to enter the Dardanelles Strait but faced heavy bombardment and sea mines

  2. British, French and ANZAC forces landed on Gallipoli but failed to make significant gains due to the rocky terrain and steep cliffs

  3. Decision taken to withdraw in November 1915
• Allied Blockade of Germany

  At the outbreak of war the Royal Navy blocked supplies from reaching Germany's ports, starving Germany of essential food supplies, especially severe in 1918
• 1. Boat Campaign

  Germany launched submarine attacks against Allied ships travelling across the Atlantic to counter the Allied blockade, very effective in 1914-1915 but led to widespread anger after the sinking of the Lusitania in 1915
• Germany resumed U-Boat attacks in 1917

  Due to desperation back home, this persuaded the USA to declare war on Germany in April 1917
• Convoys

  Britain organised supply ships into convoys protected by the Royal Navy, which proved highly effective in reducing U-Boat losses
• Battle of Jutland, 1916

  The only major sea battle of the war, between Britain and Germany, with high losses on both sides but an inconclusive outcome, allowing Britain to dominate the seas