Lecture 5

• Public interest is a public service ______

  Obligation
• Given that public interest is a public service obligation, it generates three standards. What are these three standards?

  1. avoiding conflict of interest
  2. maintaining impartiality
  3. avoiding the appearance of impropriety
• Public Interest is part of the definition of a ________

  non-profit agency
• True or False

  It is important to keep the citizens’ trust

  True
• Who said, "The public interest may be presumed to be what people would choose if they saw clearly, thought rationally, acted disinterestedly, and benevolently"?


  Walter Lippmann (1889–1974)
• Who said, “How do we know the public interest when we see it?”


  Morgan, 2001, p. 153
• Public interest should be conceptualize as a ______, and NOT an objectively identifiable endpoint.


  Process
• True or False

  Public interest is objective

  False

  Public interest is SUBJECTIVE; it is a moving target
• The public interest has to be socially constructed through a _____ _____ that is open and free from all forms of oppressive constraints” (Morgan, 2001)

  dialogical process
• “Chieftains must develop ______—an appreciation for and an understanding of the values of others, a sensitivity for other cultures, beliefs and traditions

  empathy

  (Roberts, 1987)
• _____ ______ are responsible for hearing otherwise silent voices in the process through which the public interest is defined

  public manager
• Public officials have mastered the art of ____ and _____

  diversion and confusion
• In the organizational habitat, the manager’s niche is defined as a particular spot in the chain of command, the hierarchy of ____ _____

  Legitimate authority
• Public service ethics is different from ethics in?

  Private life
• what is the popular defense in denying legal culpability and ignoring ethical responsibility?

  “I was only following orders"
• Public service is our society’s instrument for?


  Managing complexity and interdependency
• _______ is no excuse to harm the public interest.

  Ignorance
• Who said, "How well the tasks of government are done affects the quality of the lives of all our people"

  President George H.W. Bush
• _______ is an intolerable condition, a breakpoint or floor below which an action is unacceptable.

  Incompetence
• Democracy is sustained by?

  Public Trust
• Public service is?

  Our society's instrument for managing complexity and interdependency
• 2 ethical concerns that target public managers

  • Public service's smooth functioning depends on trust
  • Higher standards earmarked for public service and the public perception of pervasive shortfall
• written directly into professional codes, laws, and regulations 


  ethics and trust
• public service is a ___

  public trust
• citizens expect public servants to serve the ___ with ___ and to manage public ___ properly daily

  public interest, fairness, resources
• __ and __ public services inspire public trust

  fair, reliable
• makes collective action possible, desirable, and legitimate


  ethics as politically useful
• "public trust in our performance is the bedrock of our legitimacy"


  Independent sector (2004)
• "your trust is what gives a president his powers of leadership and his personal strength"


  president ronald reagan (1987)
• trust in government in 1966


  high
• trust in government in 1994


  low
• "where a man assumes a public trust, he should consider himself a public property"


  thomas jefferson
• "government is a trust, and the officers of the government are trustees; and both the trust and the trustees are created for the benefit of the people"


  henry clay
• Austin, Texas, the human resources Website reported that:


  citizens must have complete confidence in the integrity of their public servants
• beliefs about right or wrong

  ethical values
• 4 personal virtue according to plato


  courage, wisdom, justice, moderation
• the moral and ethical standards of members of the Bush Administration in 2002 is __

  38% good
• the moral and ethical standards of members of the Bush Administration in 1992 is __


  48% fair
• the moral and ethical standards of members of the Bush Administration in 1998 is __

  56% about the same
• ethical action is __; based on thought and reason

  reflective