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The German Democratic Republic, 1949-90
GDR : TOPIC 1
Defending the GDR 1949-61
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kirsten wood
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Cards (29)
Why was the Berlin Wall built?
Due to
internal
and
external
developments
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What was the immediate cause of the wall's construction?
Mass
emigration from the
GDR
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What factors contributed to the dissatisfaction of GDR citizens?
Poor performance compared to the
FRG
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What role did the open border in Berlin play in emigration?
It
allowed
citizens
to
leave
easily
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When did emigration from the GDR stop?
On
13th August 1961
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Who were the primary emigrants from the GDR?
Young and
well-educated
individuals
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What percentage of doctors left the GDR?
¼
of doctors
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What were some reasons for emigration from the GDR?
Better life,
prosperity
, and family visits
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What were some push factors for emigration from the GDR?
Unrealistic
targets
and
bureaucratic
inefficiencies
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What impact did emigration have on the GDR?
Shortage of
skilled personnel
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How many people moved from the GDR to the FRG in 1960?
199,188
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What was Khrushchev's ultimatum regarding Berlin in 1958?
Berlin should become an international city
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What did Khrushchev announce in February 1959?
USSR
would sign a
peace treaty
with the GDR
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What were Khrushchev's aims regarding Berlin?
Neutralize
Berlin
as a
subversion
center
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Why did Khrushchev believe the USSR had nuclear superiority?
Due to the launch of
Sputnik
in
1957
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What did Khrushchev hope to achieve by internationalizing Berlin?
Absorb all of Berlin into the
GDR
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How did JFK's presidency affect Khrushchev's view?
Khrushchev saw JFK as
weak
and
inexperienced
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What was the outcome of the Vienna Summit in June 1961?
Khrushchev
insisted on troop withdrawal from Berlin
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How did Kennedy's response to Khrushchev's demands affect their relationship?
It showed
USA's
readiness to defend
West Berlin
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What was Operation Rose?
Codename for building the
Berlin Wall
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When did Operation Rose begin?
Night of 12-13
August
1961
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What was the initial construction of the Berlin Wall like?
Started with
barbed wire
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What happened to travel between East and West Berlin after the wall was built?
Travel was
no longer possible
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What was the impact of the wall on families?
Families were split between
East
and
West
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How long did the Berlin Wall eventually run?
97
miles around
Western
sectors
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What was the perception of the Wall among leaders?
Seen as a
solution
to
problems
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What was the estimated cost of the open border to the GDR?
2.5 to 3 billion
Ostmarks
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Why did Ulbricht exaggerate the impact of the Wall?
To gain
Khrushchev’s
support for the Wall
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What was the consequence of losing skilled citizens for the GDR?
They couldn't sell their services
elsewhere
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