cardiovascular system

• Aneurysm


  Ballooning of the blood vessel
• Angina Pectoris


  Severe chest pain with feeling of suffocation
• Angiospasm


  Sudden contraction of smooth muscle of the wall of blood vessel; can interrupt blood flow
• Aortostenosis


  Narrowing of aorta; Congenital or result of disease
• Arrhythmia


  Any irregularity in the heart beat
• Arteriosclerosis


  Diminished elasticity of arterial walls
• Atheroma


  Fatty deposit that obstructs blood flow through a vessel usually artery
• Atherosclerosis


  Fatty deposits within a blood vessel
• Bradycardia


  Abnormally slow heart beat
• secular

  fusiform

  giant

  myotic

  TYPES OF ANEURYSMS
• 60-100bpm


  normal sinus rhythm
• less than 60 bpm


  heart rate of person with bradycardia
• more than 100 bpm


  heart rate of person with tachycardia
• Cardiac arrest


  Cessation of cardiac function; Non-synchronous muscular contraction
• Cardiac arrest


  stoppage of cardiac function (seconds or minutes of stoppage causes death due to loss of oxygenation of brain)
• Cardiomyopathy


  common term for any disease of the heart muscle
• Coarctation


  Narrowing of blood vessel; congenital

  malformation; children, infants are usually affected
• Coarctation of the aorta

  
• Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)


  the ability of the heart to pump blood is impaired causing fluid to back up in the lungs and other tissues
• Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)


  ventricular chambers are enlarged
• Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

  
• Coronary Artery Disease


  Impair the ability of the coronary arteries to deliver an adequate supply of blood to the heart muscle
• Embolism


  Sudden blockage of an artery by a clot or other

  particle circulating in the blood
• Embolism


  travelling blood clot
• Essential hypertension


  Type of HTN in which the cause of elevated blood pressure is unknown
• Fibrillation


  Irregular, quivering contractions of ventricular muscle resting from desynchronization of electrical impulses in the heart
• Flutter


  characterized by rapid but regular contractions of the atria or ventricles
• In atrial fibrillation, the atria beat irregularly. In atrial flutter, the atria beat regularly, but faster than usual and more often than the ventricles


  Difference of Fibrillation and Flutter
• Heart Block


  Disturbance in the transmission of electrical signals through the cardiac conduction system
• Hypertension


  Consistently elevated BP
• 140/90


  BP of pt with Hypertension
• Hypotension


  Abnormally low blood pressure
• 90/60


  BP of pt with Hypotension
• 120/80


  normal BP
• Infarction


  Area of necrosis occurring as a result of oxygen deprivation
• Ischemia


  Temporary oxygen deficiency due to an interruption of blood flow to a tissue or organ
• Left Ventricular Hypertrophy


  Enlargement of the left ventricular wall, usually occurring as a result of chronic HTN
• Malignant Hypertension


  Dangerously high BP which is sustained over time, causing damage to the vasculature
• Mitral Stenosis-


  Narrowing of the opening between the left atrium and left ventricle, with obstruction of blood flow between them
• Mitral Valve Prolapse


  Condition in which a flap of the mitral valve collapses into the left atrium during systole