CHAPTER 4: HOW TO TEACH GRAMMAR FOR EXAMPLES

• Structures

        Rules learners discover for themselves are more likely to fit their existing mental ________ than rules they have been presented with. This in turn will make the rules more meaningful, memorable, and serviceable.
• Depth


  The mental effort involved ensures a greater degree of cognitive _____ which, again, ensures greater memorability.
• Passive/Attentive

  Students are more actively involved in the learning process, rather than being simply _____ recepients: they are therefore likely to be more ______ and more motivated.
• Practice

  If the problem-solving is done collaboratively, and in the target language, learners get the opportunity for extra language _____.
• Self-reliance/Autonomy

  Working things out for themselves prepares students for greater ______. , and therefore conducive to learner _______
• Rules/rules/means

  The time and energy spent in working out ____ may mislead students into believing that ____ are the objective of language learning, rather than a ____.
• Rule/practice

   The time taken to work out a rule may be at the expense of time spent in putting the ____ to sort of productive ________.
• Hypothesise/Testing

  Students may _________ the wrong rule, or their version of the rule may be either too broad or too narrow in its application: this is especially a danger where there is no overt _______ of their hypotheses, either through practice examples, or by eliciting an explicit statement of the rule.
• Formulation

  It can place heavy demands on teachers in planning a lesson. They need to select and organise the data carefully so as to guide learners to an accurate ________ of the rule, while also ensuring the data is intelligible.
• Modality/formulation

        However carefully organised the data is,many language areas such as aspect and ______resist easy rule _____.
• Inductive

  An ______ approach frustrates students who, by dint of their personal learning style or their past learning experience (or both), would prefer simply to be told the rule.