JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS

• Job Hazard Analysis


  A crucial process that plays a pivotal role in ensuring the safety and well-being of workers on construction sites
• Hazard


  The potential for harm
• Job Hazard Analysis


  One of the safety management tools that can be used to define and control the hazards associated with a certain process, job, or procedure

  
• Purpose of JHA


  • To ensure that the risk of each step of a task is reduced to ALARP (As Low As Reasonably Practicable)
  • It is a technique that focuses on job tasks to identify hazards before they occur
  • It focuses on the relationship between the worker, the task, the tools, and the work environment
• Some type of risk analysis should be performed before every job
• JHA should be created by the work group performing the task
• The JHA is usually completed on a form
• Importance of Job Hazard Analysis

  • Safety and health can add value to the business, job, and life
  • Can help prevent workplace injuries and illnesses by looking at the workplace operations, establishing proper job procedures, and ensuring that all employees are trained properly
  • One of the best ways to determine and establish proper work procedures is to conduct a job hazard analysis
  • Once you know what the hazards are, you can reduce or eliminate them before anyone gets hurt
  • The JHA can also be used to investigate accidents and to train workers how to do their jobs safely
• Uses of Job Hazard Analysis

  • Create/ Improve SOP's
  • Guide in observing employee performance
  • Accident investigation
  • Safety inspection

  
• Criteria to do Job Hazard Analysis in an Area

  • High Frequency of Accidents
  • Increase Occurrence of Near-Misses
  • History of Serious Accidents / Fatality
  • Potential for Serious Harm
  • New Jobs
  • Changes in Procedures or Standards
• Job Hazard Analysis Procedure


  1. Preparation for Job Hazard Analysis (before JHA)

  2. Determining the Hazards (after JHA)

  3. Recommending Corrective Measures (after JHA)

  
• A systematic sequence should be followed in developing these measures, starting with the first hazard
• Corrective Measures

  • Administrative Control
  • PPE
  • Engineering Control
  • Physical Action
  • Tools, Equipment, and Materials
  • Work Area Condition
• The recommended corrective measures must be detailed and specific
• Challenges and Solutions
• Physical Action


  Tangible and direct change that is made to address a specific hazard. These include modifying/rearranging/combining actions, changing the process, and training.
• Tools, Equipment, and Materials


  Become corrective measures when they are introduced or modified to address specific hazards or risks in the workplace. These includes substitution of materials, machine guarding, limit employee exposure, and replacement of a particular piece of equipment.
• Work Area Condition


  Improving work area conditions as a corrective measure involves identifying and addressing hazards or deficiencies in the physical environment where work is conducted. These include relocation (isolation by place), rescheduling (isolation by time), and redesign of the work area.
• Job Hazard Analysis Form

  
• Sample Job Hazard Analysis
• Job Hazard Analysis (JHA)


  • It is a method for identifying and mitigating workplace hazards that emphasizes proactive risk control
  • Most industries lack comprehensive guidelines on how to effectively design and implement a JHA

  
• Activity, hazard, and control sections were the only key components present in all the JHA documents. Most documents did not include instructions for conducting a JHA, and they also lacked a risk assessment matrix, visual representations, or reference information for control recommendations.
• Ineffective communications from management, lack of input and buy-in by workers, complacency, and isolation of upper management from job sites are major common problems that make JHAs ineffective.
• Despite the recognized disadvantages of using paper forms, around half of the safety professionals still use them. The practice was most common among small contractors. This makes it more difficult for employees to access information and for employers to update information based on site conditions.
• Strategies to Overcome Challenges


  1. Proactively Coordinate the Use of a Consistent Format

  2. Strengthen Site Safety Climate by Optimizing JHA Content and Format

  3. Perform Regular Field Audits and Solicit Craft Worker Feedback

  4. Institute a Continuous Improvement Cycle
• Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) is a safety management tool to identify and control hazards in tasks.

  
• Job Hazard Analysis


  • It focuses on tasks, tools, and the work environment, aiming to reduce risks to As Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP)
  • It adds value to businesses by preventing workplace injuries, establishing proper job procedures, and assisting in accident investigations and training for safe job performance

  
• Job Hazard Analysis


  1. Forming a team

  2. Breaking down tasks

  3. Identifying hazards

  4. Recommending specific corrective measures

  
• Hazards determined by identifying various elements


  • Physical Action
  • Tools, Equipment, and Materials
  • Work Area Condition
• Corrective measures


  • Administrative controls
  • PPE
  • Engineering controls
  • Physical actions
  • Tools/material modifications
  • Work area improvements
• JHA prioritizes analysis based on the high frequency of accidents, near-misses, history of serious accidents/fatalities, potential for serious harm, new jobs, and changes in procedures/standards.
• JHA serves as a pivotal tool in workplaces, contributing to the constant refinement of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and ensuring safe and efficient job performance.
• JHA enhances workplace safety by addressing infrequent tasks, facilitating refresher training, heightening hazard awareness, and aiding in accident investigations and safety inspections.
• Adopting a uniform format for JHA promotes clarity, streamlines communication, and fosters a unified safety approach across projects.
• Regularly review and update JHA content, incorporating field audits and worker feedback. This adaptive approach ensures hazard assessments remain relevant and effective in dynamic construction environments.

  
• The ultimate goal of JHA is to create a safer working environment by mitigating risks through thorough hazard analysis and preventive measures.
• AVIETCS COSH Modules, WSCC Where to Start OSHS Program, Risk Assessment: A Practical Guide to Assessing Operational Risks, A Practical Approach to Hazard Identification for Operations and Maintenance Workers, and Job Hazard Analysis by the U.S. Department of Labor are the references used.
• Safety Officer


  The team facilitator who is skilled in operational risk, hazard recognition, risk controls, and the job hazard analysis process
• Job Inventory


  Collected and assessed to create a prioritized job list requiring a hazard analysis

  
• Standards for setting priorities in Job Hazard Analysis


  • High Frequency of Accidents
  • History of Serious Accidents / Fatalities
  • Potential for Serious Harm
  • New Jobs
  • Changes in Procedures/Standards