UCSP

• Society - derived from a Latin word "societas" which means friend, ally, or comrade
• In sociology, the term society refers to the group of people who live together in a defined geographical area and share same culture
• In some societies, religion might be dominant institution whereas, in others it could be economic or political
• Basic institution in traditional societies which include, family or kinship and religion
• Sociologists have classified types of societies in accordance with their level of industrialization; preindustrial to industrial, industrial to post-industrial these include; hunter gatherer, pastoral, horticultural, agricultural, feudal, industrial, and technological society
• Hunter-gatherer societies - based on kinship and tribes, individuals depend upon nature for their basic survival, hunt wild animals, limited natural resources, nomadic or semi-nomadic in nature that comprises of 50 to 60 members
• Hunter-gatherer societies - have no institutions except family or kinship, division of labor is merely based on age and sex, individuals except elders and children take part in hunting and gathering
• In hunter-gatherer society - male participate in deep sea diving and hunting while females are supposed to take part in shore fishing and preserving
• Aborigines (indigenous tribe of Australia) and Bambuti (tribe of Congo) are the contemporary examples of hunter-gatherer society
• Pastoral societies - depend on the domestication of animals and cultivation of plant
• Pastoral societies obtain the ability to bread animals and use them for different purposes such as food, transportation, and clothing
• Horticultural societies - obtained the ability to cultivate and grow plants without moving from one place to another
• Horticultural societies - new social class emerged, members of this class were more privileged than peasants
• Horticultural societies - consisted of more institutions including government, religion, and revenue department, this society were governed by leaders with hereditary authority (kings)
• Agriculture societies - obtained the ability to develop metal tools, wheels, and better irrigation systems
• Agriculture society - era was reffered to as "dawn of civilization"
• Industrial societies - invention of energy generation techniques
• In 1972, James Watt and Matthew Bolton invented steam engine which marked the beginning of industrial revolution
• Post-industrial society - information society/digital society, focus was on the efficient production of material goods including, cloths, cars, and computers
• In post-industrial society, social class of individuals are based on education, those who obtain 4 years professional degrees have good pay and life style compared to others within information society