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• carbohydrates biological molecule


  carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
• synonym of carbohydrates


  saccharides
• ratio of carbohydrates


  2;1
• 4 chemical groups pf saccharides

  monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides
• scientific nomenclature of carbohydrates is complex, the names of the monosaccharides and disaccharides very often end in

  suffix -ose
• Glucose is a sugar with the molecular formula C6H12O6. The name "glucose" comes from the Greek word γλυκος, meaning "sweet wine".
• Galactose "milk sugar", sometimes abbreviated Gal, is a monosaccharide sugar that is less sweet than glucose and fructose.
• 3 components of monosaccharides is glucose, fructose and galactose
• Fructose or fruit sugar, is a simple ketonic monosaccharide found in many plants.
• Sucrose The molecule is a disaccharide combination of the monosaccharides glucose and fructose with the formula C12H22O11. It is known as table sugar.
• Disaccharides 3 components are, sucrose, lactose, maltose
• Lactose is a disaccharide sugar derived from galactose and glucose that is found in milk
• Maltose also known as maltobiose or malt sugar, is a disaccharide formed from two units of glucose
• Polysaccharides serve for the storage of energy (e.g. starch and glycogen) and as structural components (e.g. cellulose in plants and chitin in arthropods)
• Starch or amylum is a carbohydrate consisting of a large number of glucose units joined by glycosidic bonds.
• Glycogen is a multibranched polysaccharide of glucose that serves as a form of energy storage in animals and fungi
• Chitin (C8H13O5)n is a long-chain polymer of an N-acetylglucosamine. It is a characteristic component of the cell walls of fungi, the exoskeletons of arthropods such as crustaceans
• Chitin (C8H13O5)n is a long-chain polymer of an N-acetylglucosamine. It is a characteristic component of the cell walls of fungi, the exoskeletons of arthropods such as crustaceans
• Cellulose is an organic compound with the formula (C6H10O5)n. In humans, cellulose acts as a hydrophilic bulking agent for feces and is often referred to as a "dietary fiber"
• Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
• A linear chain of amino acid residues is called a polypeptide. A protein contains at least one long polypeptide. Short polypeptides, containing less than 20-30 residues, are rarely considered to be proteins and are commonly called peptides, or sometimes oligopeptides.
• Primary structure of protein: the amino acid sequence.
• Secondary structure of protein: regularly repeating local structures stabilized by hydrogen bonds. The most common examples are the alpha-helix, betasheet, and turns
• Tertiary structure of p: the overall shape of a single protein molecul
• Quaternary structure of p: the structure formed by several protein molecules (polypeptide chains), usually called protein subunits in this context, which function as a single protein complex
• Lipids are a group of naturally occurring molecules that include fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E, and K), monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, phospholipids, and others.
• Although the term lipid is sometimes used as a synonym for fats, fats are a subgroup of lipids called triglycerides.
• Lipids also encompass molecules such as fatty acids and their derivatives (including tri-, di-, monoglycerides, and phospholipids), as well as other sterol-containing metabolites such as cholesterol
• The terms "oil", "fat", and "lipid" are often confused. "Oil" normally refers to a fat with short or unsaturated fatty acid chains that is liquid at room temperature, while "fat" may specifically refer to fats that are solids at room temperature.
• "Lipid" is the general term, as a lipid is not necessarily a triglyceride. Fats, like other lipids, are generally hydrophobic, and are soluble in organic solvents and insoluble in water
• Basketball is a game played between two teams of five players each on a rectangular court, usually indoors