reading and writing

• Reading


  A language skill which can be developed through constant practice. It is a complex cognitive process. It is also highly visual because it involves the transmission of messages through the optic nerves
• Pre-reading


  1. Drawing your background knowledge about the text by looking at the title

  2. Aims to induce the readers' motivation to read and to activate their schema
• While-reading


  1. Getting the meaning of words through context clues

  2. Predicting

  3. Inference

  4. Monitoring comprehension

  5. Annotating the text

  6. Reflecting
• Post-reading


  1. Reflecting

  2. Summarizing

  3. Paraphrasing

  4. Drawing conclusions

  5. Making graphic organizers

  6. Journal writing
• Types of Reading


  • Developmental Reading
  • Pleasure Reading
  • Functional Reading
  • Remedial Reading
  • Critical Reading
• Developmental Reading


  A systematic instruction which aims to develop students' reading skills
• Developmental Reading


  • Ryan reads a long text to improve his reading comprehension skills
• Pleasure Reading


  A more passive type or reading that primarily aims to provide enjoyment and entertainment
• Pleasure Reading


  • Karen reads her favorite book, To Kill a Mockingbird
• Functional Reading


  Designed to help students learn basic functional reading ability
• Functional Reading


  • Felipe reads a college application form to understand how to fill it out
• Remedial Reading


  Aims to correct the effects of poor teaching and poor learning
• Remedial Reading


  • Francis reads a pronunciation chart with his teacher to help him correct his pronunciation on certain words
• Critical Reading


  Refers to the close and thorough evaluation of the claims in the text in terms of relevance, validity, and logic
• Critical Reading


  • Sarah reads a novel for her reading assignment, then she writes a journal about it
• Application Letter for College Admission


  Shows your interest in the university while justifying why you are qualified at the same time. It also serves as a cover letter for all your other college admission documents
• Parts of a Business Letter

  • Letterhead
  • Dateline
  • Inside Address
  • Salutation
  • Introduction
  • Body
  • Conclusion
  • Complimentary Close
  • Signature Block
• Letterhead


  Identifies the writer, his/her address, and contact numbers
• Dateline


  Placed between the letterhead and the inside address
• Inside Address


  Identifies the reader's name, position and company, and address
• Salutation


  The writer's greeting to the reader. Use (,) if you know the receiver and he/she knows you, use (:) if the receiver doesn't know you and you are not close enough
• Introduction


  State who you are and what you are applying for, state an eye-catching statement about yourself, show enthusiasm to study in the university
• Body


  Present your academic qualifications, extracurricular involvement, community activity engagements, and some personal qualities with specific evidence. Organize your thoughts and segregate them into paragraphs. State the benefits the university can obtain by admitting you
• Conclusion


  Indicate your interest for an interview, indicate how the interviewer can contact you, express your hope for a positive response, say thank you
• Complimentary Close


  The expression used to end a letter, e.g. Respectfully, Sincerely
• Signature Block


  Includes the signature and the typed name of the sender
• Application Letter for Employment


  A job application letter or cover letter is a type of personal business correspondence which states your intention to work in a particular organization. It should be enclosed every time you send your résumé
• Introduction (in job application letter)

  Add an interesting statement about yourself that will cause the reader to continue reading your credentials, show enthusiasm to work in the company
• Body (in job application letter)

  Present your work experience, academic qualifications, trainings, and some personal qualities with specific evidence. Organize your paragraphs accordingly. Explain the benefits to the employers if they hire you
• Conclusion (in job application letter)

  Indicate your interest for an interview at a time most convenient to the employer, indicate how the interviewer can contact you, express an expectation of a positive response, thank the employer
• Resume

  A tool that summarizes your skills, educational background, experiences, and other qualifications. It is also called curriculum vitae, but this is a more detailed type of resume
• Functions of a Resume

  • Informs the employers of the skills that you can bring to the company
  • Shows how qualified you are for the job
  • Functions as a persuasive document which allows you to proceed to the next stage of the recruitment process, the interview
• Components of a Resume


  • Contact Information
  • Summary of Qualifications
  • Objective Statement
  • Employment History
  • Education
  • Skills
  • Training
  • Organizations
  • Professional Licensure and Certifications
  • Honors and Awards
  • References and Signature
• Contact Information


  Include your name, address, contact number and e-mail address. Do not include marital status, height, weight, religion, name of parents, and color of eyes and hair
• Summary of Qualifications


  Use this when you have at least five years of professional experience. It should consist of one to four strong sentences that will highlight your experiences and accomplishments. It should be written in the third person and in an active voice
• Objective Statement

  An optional part of a resume that includes job title, function, industry, and what you can offer to the company. Objective statement is appropriate for recent graduates
• Employment History

  Never put anything that is not a hundred percent true. Begin with the most recent experience. Each job mentioned must include the name and the address of the employer, the inclusive dates (month and year), and brief job description. Do not use many adjectives and superlatives, as well as jargon. Do not state your past and present salary. Reserve it for the final interview. Do not clutter your text. Use generous spacing and bullet lists
• Education


  Start with the most recent educational attainment. Include the name and address of the school, years attended or year of graduation, degree, and specialization. List academic honors, scholarships, and extracurricular activities
• Skills

  Show your skills through past events. Be clear with your strengths and communicate them well. Include transferrable skills, such as managerial skills, professional qualities, personal qualities, entrepreneurial qualities
• Training

  Include only trainings that have a bearing on the job position you are applying for. Include the title of the training, organizer, date, and venue. Start with the most recent training