Para 1

• First Body Paragraph: author's disposition (perspective, bias, tone)


  Disposition: a person's inherent qualities of mind and character, person's outlook

  How does the author present his or her disposition or inherent mindset on the topic(s)? Is there an inherent bias in the author? Does the bias distort the truth in some way? What influences may have impacted the delivery of the message such as historically, politically, socially, or economically? Is there a clear tone? What tone shifts are seen through the text?
• Tone

  Consider the words the author uses to evoke a reaction out of a reader or how you think he or she feels about the subject. Look for tone shifts throughout the work to see how the language of the writer shapes meaning.

  • The author describes ____ with a ____ tone in order to show _____.
  • The author's tone shifts from ____ to ____ when discussing _____.
  • The author conveys the attitude of the character as _______ in this scene when ____.
  • The narrator's attitude becomes _______ when ____.
  • The narrator shifts the tone in this scene from ______ to ______ in order to show _____.
• Tone:

  How does the author convey his attitude in the work through his language? Are there significant tone shifts, and how do they contribute to the main ideas?

  negative tones: melancholy, caustic, irate, satiric, critical, indignant, bitter, condescending, judgmental

  positive tones: reverent, light hearted, optimistic, hopeful, loving, jovial

  neutral tones:reminiscent wistful, apathetic, speculative, meditative, objective, reflective
• Types of media bias

  • Selection & Omission
  • Placement
  • Headlines
  • Word Choice and Tone
  • Photos/Captions/Camera Angles
  • Names & Titles
  • Statistics & Crowd Counts
  • Source Control
• Bias Selection & Omission


  Choosing to tell only parts of the story
• Bias Placement


  Where the story appears in the newspaper or during news hour or on a website
• Bias Headlines


  Often crafted to catch attention and sell papers rather than report facts
• Bias Word Choice and Tone

  Using sensational and emotional words to dramatize the events
• Bias Photos/Captions/Camera Angles

  Making one person look good and another bad, for example
• Bias Names & Titles

  Calling a person a "bad guy" instead of by his name, for example
• Bias Statistics & Crowd Counts

  Dramatizing numbers for effect
• Bias Source Control

  Using information or sources that only show or support one side of a story
• Bias: You also want to consider the source: Is it a more liberal (left-leaning) source or a conservative (right-leaning) source or is it more in the center