FUNDA LEC

• Critical Thinking-The process of intentional higher level of thinking to define a client’s problem, examine the evidence-based practice in caring for the client, and make choices in the delivery of care
• Clinical Reasoning- The cognitive process that uses thinking strategies to gather and analyze client information, evaluate the relevance of the information, and decide on possible nursing actions to improve the client’s physiological and psychosocial outcomes
• Clinical reasoning requires the integration of critical thinking in the identification of the most appropriate intervention that will improve the clients condition.
• clinical reasoning Guides nurses in assessing, assimilating, retrieving, and or discarding components of information that affect patient’s care.
• Clinical Reasoning Often defined in practice-based principles, such as nursing and medicine as the (application of critical thinking to the clinical situation.)
• Critical Analysis is the Application of a set of questions to a particular situation or idea to determine essential information and ideas and discard unimportant information and ideas.
• Critical analysis is the use of socratic questioning
• Inductive reasoning- Generalizations are formed from a set of facts or observations. Moves from specific examples to generalized conclusion
• Deductive reasoning- reasoning from general premise to specific conclusions
• Facts: can be verified through investigation Example: blood pressure is affected by blood volume
• Inferences: Conclusions drawn from the facts; going beyond facts to make a statement about something that currently known Example ; if blood volume is decrease, the blood pressure will drop
• Judgements: Evaluation of facts or information that reflects values or other criteria; type of opinion Example: it is harmful to the client’s health if the blood pressure drops to low
• Opinion: beliefs formed overtime; includes judgment that may fits facts or maybe erroneous Example: Nursing intervention can assist in maintaining the client’s blood pressure within normal limits
• Problem solving-it is a mental activity in which a problem is identified that represents unsteady state.
• Problem Solving -it requires a nurse to obtain information that clarifies the nature of the problem and suggest possible solutions.
• Problem solving- the carefully evaluates the possible solution and choose the best one to implement.
• Trial and error- A number of approaches are tried until a solution is found.
• Intuition- it is the understanding or learning of things without the conscious use of reasoning. AKA 6th sense, hunch, instinct, feeling or suspicion
• Clinical Judgement- a decision making process to ascertain the right nursing action to be implemented at the appropriate time in the client’s care.
• Experience- is important in improving intuition because the rapidity of judgment depends on the nurse having seen similar client situations many times before.
• Research process- A formalized logical, systematic approach to problem solving.
• Independence- Critical thinkers consider seriously a wide range of ideas, learn from them, and then make their own judgment about them.
• Fair Mindedness- Critical thinkers make impartial judgments. They assess all view points with the same standards and do not base their judgments on personal or group bias or prejudice.
• Insight to egocentricity- Critical thinkers are open to the possibility that their personal biases or social pressures and customs could unduly effect their thinking. They actively try to examine their own biases and bring them to awareness each time they think or make a decision.
• Intellectual Humility- means having an awareness of the limits of one’s own knowledge. Critical thinkers are willing to admit that they do not know; they are willing to seek new information and to rethink their conclusions in light of new knowledge.
• INTELLECTUAL COURAGE TO CHALLENGE THE STATUS QUO AND RITUALS- With an attitude of courage, a nurse is willing to consider and examine fairly his or her own ideas or views, specially those to which the nurse may have a strongly negative reaction. This type of courage comes from recognizing that beliefs are sometimes false or misleading.
• Integrity- Intellectual integrity requires that individuals apply the same rigorous standards of proof to their own knowledge and beliefs as they apply to the knowledge and beliefs of others.
• Perseverance- Critical thinkers show perseverance in finding effective solutions to client and nursing problems. The nurse needs to continue to address the issue until it is resolve.
• Confidence- Critical thinkers believe that well-reasoned thinking will lead to trustworthy conclusions
• Curiosity- The mind of a critical thinker is filled with questions.
• Nursing process is a systematic, rational method of planning and providing individualized nursing care.
• Nursing process- cyclical; its components follow a logical sequence, but more than one component may be involved at one time.
• Assessing: Collect data, Organize data, Validate data , Document data
• Diagnosing: Analyze data , Identify health problems, risks, and strengths , Formulate diagnostic statements
• Planning: Prioritize problems/diagnoses Formulate goals/desired outcomes, Select nursing interventions , Write nursing interventions
• Implementing: Reassess the client , Determine the nurse’s need for assistance, Implement the nursing interventions , Supervise delegated care, Document nursing activities
• Evaluating: Collect data related to outcomes, Compare data with outcomes , Relate nursing actions to client goals/outcomes, Draw conclusions about problem status , Continue, modify, or terminate the client’s care plan
• Assessing: The systematic and continuous collection, organization, validation, and documentation of data (information). - A continuous process carried out during all phases of the nursing process. - All phases of nursing process depend on the accurate and complete collection of data.
• Assessments: vary according to their purpose, timing, time available, and client status. - Nursing assessments should include the client’s perceived needs, health problems, related experience, health practices, values and lifestyles. -data collected should be relevant to particular health problem; therefore, nurses should think critically about what to assess.
• Assessing: also involves elicitation of client’s own perspectives on their condition; identifying barriers of communication; recognizing the impact of the nurse’s own attitudes, values, and beliefs on the assessment process; and increase emphasis on protection of the privacy of data