2. Equipment Final PWS

• Linear accelerator


  What type of machine is used to provide external beam radiation therapy, in order to irradiate specific body parts?
• Brachytherapy and radioactive liquid treatment


  What are two types of internal radiation therapy?
• To deliver a high dose of radiation to the tumor while limiting the dose received by surrounding tissue that is ordinary.


  What is the purpose of treatment planning?
• 20-30 minutes


  What is the duration of radiation treatments?
• CT, Diagnostic x-ray, MRI or PET


  What modalities are used for the “simulation process” for treatment planning?
• No. There were no initial plans to incorporate one into future CT scanners.


  Did the first prototype of the CT scanner include a computer to generate the image?
• 3 rd generation


  Which generation of CT scanner is most commonly used today with multi-slice spiral scanner?
• High-frequency with low ripple


  What type of generator is used in CT?
• gantry


  Main part of the CT unit that contains the equipment that produces the data for image formation:
• bowtie filter


  What is the most common type of filter used in CT?
• Digital subtraction angiography (DSA)


  Fluoroscopic technique used in IR to remove radiopaque structures, allowing for better visualization of vasculature”:
• Ultrasound, CT, MRI, Diagnostic x-ray, and Fluoroscopy


  What other modalities/modality equipment can IR use for imaging?
• Radiologist, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, nurses, and radiologic technologists


  List the members of the IR team
• c-arm


  What is the most commonly used equipment in an IR suite?
• bi-plane technology


  What type of technology does IR equipment use?
• An imaging technique that uses a magnetic field and computer-generated waves to create images of the body. It is non-invasive and provides a way to examine different organs, tissues, and the skeletal system without the use of ionizing radiation

  Define MRI
• Zone III


  In what MRI zone is the control room located?
• tube shaped


  The MRI machine is best described as being large, cylindrical and what?
• The magnet is “always on.”


  What is an important safety reminder, in regard to MRI and its magnet?
• zone IV


  In what MRI zone is the MRI scanner located?
• Intravenous injection (IV – most common), inhalation, oral ingestion, or injection directly into the organ being studied.


  What are the modes of introducing radiotracers into the body?
• radiotracers


  What does nuclear medicine use to review, diagnose, and treat different types of diseases?
• Gamma cameras, PET, SPECT, MRI Spectroscopy and Optical Imaging


  What equipment is used during nuclear medicine?
• The main difference is the main type of radiotracer used. SPECT scans measure gamma rays, the decay of the radiotracers used with PET scans produce small particles called positrons.


  What is the main difference between a PET and a SPECT scan?
• CT, MRI, and other specialties such as Cardiology, Oncology, and Neurology


  What other modalities and specialties are used in conjunction with nuclear medicine?
• Molybdenum and rhodium


  What are the typical materials used for the anode target in Mammography?
• Allow x-rays to penetrate tissue, Ensure abnormalities not obscured by healthy tissue, Reduce scatter, Require less dose to the patient.


  Why is compression used in mammography?
• low kVp


  What kVp range is used in mammography?
• Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT)


  What is an advanced imaging technique used in mammography, also known as 3D mammography?
• The x-ray tube moves over the compressed breast from one side to another and creates multiple images of the breast from different angles. These multiple images are reconstructed in the computer to create 3D images.

  How are 3D images obtained for DBT?