TOP Erickson

• Erik Erikson was born in Germany


  1902
• Erik Salomonsen


  Erikson's birth name
• Erikson's life path


  1. Left home at 18 to pursue life of wandering artist

  2. Taught young children in Vienna

  3. Psychoanalyzed by Anna Freud

  4. Moved to US, changed name to Erikson

  5. Taught at Harvard, Yale, UC Berkeley
• Erikson died, month short of 92nd birthday


  1994
• Erikson's theory

  An extension, not repudiation, of Freudian psychoanalysis
• Erikson's contributions


  • Emphasis on ego rather than id functions (consciousness)
  • Ego is the center of personality and responsible for unified sense of self
• Pseudospecies


  Fictional notion that a culture/nation is superior to others
• Epigenetic principle


  Ego develops according to genetically established rate and fixed sequence
• Stages of psychosocial development

  • Syntonic element (harmonious)
  • Dystonic element (disruptive)
  • Basic strength or ego quality
• Characteristics of each stage

  • Identity crisis or turning point
  • Adaptive or maladaptive adjustment
• Erikson's view of infancy


  Similar to Freud's oral stage, but expanded to include sense organs
• Psychosexual mode of infancy

  Oral sensory, characterized by receiving and accepting
• Psychosocial crisis of infancy


  Basic trust vs basic mistrust
• Early childhood


  2nd and 3rd year of life, similar to Freud's anal stage but includes other body functions
• Psychosexual mode of early childhood


  Anal-urethral-muscular, impulsive and compulsive
• Psychosocial crisis of early childhood

  Autonomy vs shame and doubt
• Play age


  3rd to 5th year, parallels Freud's phallic phase
• Erikson's view of Oedipus complex


  Early model of lifelong playfulness, drama played out in children's minds
• Psychosexual mode of play age

  Genital-locomotor, interest in genital activity and increasing ability to move around
• Psychosocial crisis of play age


  Initiative vs guilt
• Psychosocial crisis of school age


  Industry vs inferiority
• Adolescence


  Begins with puberty, marked by struggle to find ego identity
• Psychosexual mode of adolescence


  Puberty or genital maturation
• Psychosocial crisis of adolescence


  Identity vs identity confusion
• Basic strength of adolescence


  Fidelity, or faith in ideological view of future
• Core pathologies of adolescence

  Diffidence (lack of self-trust), Defiant (hold to socially unacceptable beliefs)
• Young adulthood


  Begins with acquisition of intimacy around age 18, ends with development of generativity around age 30
• Psychosexual mode of young adulthood

  Genitality, expressed as mutual trust in stable sexual relationship
• Psychosocial crisis of young adulthood

  Intimacy vs isolation
• Basic strength of young adulthood

  Capacity to love
• Core pathology of young adulthood


  Exclusivity, inability to love
• Adulthood


  Period from about 31 to 60, time of significant contributions to society
• Psychosexual mode of adulthood

  Procreativity, caring for one's children, others' children, and society's products
• Psychosocial crisis of adulthood

  Generativity vs stagnation
• Core pathology of adulthood

  Rejectivity, rejection of individuals/groups one is willing to care for
• Old age


  Final stage, from about 60 until death
• Psychosexual mode of old age


  Generalized sensuality, taking pleasure in variety of sensations and appreciation of traditional life style of other gender
• Psychosocial crisis of old age

  Integrity vs despair
• Core pathology of old age


  Disdain, feelings of being finished or helpless
• basic strength of school-age is competence