English - Finals 6 Joy

• Noun


  A name word for a person, place, thing, animal, idea, or event
• Kinds of Noun


  • Common - general name for person, place, thing, animal, or event; begins with small letter
  • Proper - specific or particular name for person, place, thing, animal or event; begins with big letter
  • Count - nouns that can be counted
  • Mass - nouns that cannot be counted
• Pronoun


  A word that is used to replace a noun
• Kinds of Pronoun

  • Subject Pronoun - replaces subject noun in the sentence (I, You, He, She, It, We, They)
  • Object Pronoun - replaces the object in the sentence to receive the action (me, you, us, her, him, it, them)
  • Possessive Pronoun - denotes ownership or possession (my/mine, your/s, its, his, her/s, their/s, our/s)
  • Relative Pronoun - used to refer to nouns whether they are people, places, things, animals, or ideas (who, whom, which, that)
• Tense


  Indicates when the action expressed by a verb takes place
• Verb


  A part of speech that states an action, occurrence, or state of being
• Tenses of the Verb


  • Past - If the action happened in the past
  • Present - If the action is currently happening
  • Future - If the action will happen in the future
• Simple Tenses


  • Past Tense - The action happened or was completed before now
  • Present Tense - The action shows habits, unchanging or permanent situations, and general truths
  • Future Tense - The action will happen or will not happen in the future
• Aspect of the verb

  Describe the degree of progress or completion of an action
• Aspects of the Past Tense

  • Past Progressive - Indicates continuing action, which means that the action was happening at some point in the past
• Aspects of the Present Tense

  • Present Progressive - The action is still in progress
• Aspects of the Future Tense

  • Future Progressive - Indicates a continuing action, something that will be happening or will be going on at some point in the future
• Subject-Verb Agreement

  The subject of a sentence and its verb must agree with one another in number. A singular subject requires a singular verb; a plural subject requires a plural verb.
• Exceptions to Subject-Verb Agreement


  • The pronouns I and you follow a different rule
  • Compound subjects connected by and use a plural verb
  • Consider the subject closer to the verb of two or more subjects joined by or or nor
  • If there is a phrase that comes between the subject and the verb, consider the subject and not the noun or pronoun in the phrase
  • Each, each one, either, neither, everyone, everybody, anybody, anyone, nobody, somebody, someone, and no one are all singular and require a singular verb
  • Words such as mathematics, measles, physics, news, and the like are nouns that end with s but are not considered plural. These nouns require singular verbs
  • Words such as scissors, tweezers, trousers, and shears are always considered plural
  • The words here and there are not subjects. When a sentence starts with these words, the subject is placed after the verb
  • Team, committee, class, family and the like are collective nouns. In considering collective nouns as either singular or plural, you have to analyze how the verbs are used.
• Adjective


  A word that describes, qualifies and identifies a noun or pronoun
• Adverb


  A word that describes, a verb, an adjective or other adverb
• Differences between Adjectives and Adverbs

  • An adjective usually, but not all the time, comes before the noun or the pronoun which it describes
  • An adjective usually answer one of a few different questions like "What kind?" or "Which?" or "How many?"
  • Whereas an adverb answers to few questions such as "how," "when," "where," and "how often"
  • An adjective modifies a pronoun, whereas an adverb modifies adjectives and other adverbs
  • An adjective can be divided into several classes, whereas an adverb is classified into different types
• Basically or broadly an adjective defines a noun and an adverb describes a verb