mitosis

• mitosis

  = nuclear division

  • ensures both daughter cells produced are genetically identical.
  • for growth, replacement and repair of tissues.
  • necessary for asexual reproduction.
• cytokinesis 


  = actual division of the cell into two separate cells, begins during telophase.
• cytokinesis- animal cells


  = a cleavage furrow forms around the middle of the cell.

  • cell-surface membrane pulled inwards by the cytoskeleton until it's close enough to fuse around the middle forming 2 cells.
• cytokinesis- plant cells 


  = have a cell wall so no cleavage furrow formed.

  • vesicles from golgi body begin to assemble in the same place as where metaphase plate is formed.
  • vesicles fuse together and cell-surface membrane, dividing into 2 cells.
  • new sections of the cell wall form along new section of membrane.
• Prophase

  1. Chromosomes condense and become visible.
  2. Centrioles separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.
  3. Centrioles create spindle fibres which will attach to the centromere and chromatids on the chromosome.
• Metaphase

  1. Chromosomes align along the equator of the cell.
  2. Spindle fibres are released from centrioles and attach to the centromere and chromatids.
  3. Spindle assembly checkpoint, ensure every chromosome has attached to the spindle fibre.
• Anaphase

  1. Chromosomes break at centromeres and sister chromatids move to opposite ends of cell.
  2. By shortening spindle fibres
  3. Needs ATP
• Telophase

  1. Chromosomes now at each end of the pole and become longer and thinner again.
  2. Spindle fibres disintegrate.
  3. Nuclear membrane reforms.