Paper 1

• Kelman (1958)


  Compliance, Identification, Internalisation
• Jenness (1932)


  Beans in a jar

  • First Guess
  • Group discussion
  • Second Guess

  Found that answers closer to group guess, women conform more
• Asch (1951, 55)


  Unambiguous line length study

  • 36.2% conformity
• Rosander (2012)


  Online conformity study

  • 52.6% ppts conformed at least once
• Perrin and Spencer (1980)


  Asch recreation

  • 1 ppt conformed
• Zimbardo (1973)


  Stanford Prison experiment
• Reicher and Haslam (2011)


  BBC recreation of Zimbardo study

  • Inconsistent results with Zimbardo
• Bickman (1974)


  Litter field study for legitimacy of authority

  • 39% picked up due to security
  • 14% picked up due to milkman
• Milgram (1963)


  Teacher-learner electric shock study

  • 100% at 300v
  • 65% at 450v
• Hofling (1966)


  Doctors phone call to nurses

  • 21/22 gave double dosage
• Sheridan and King (1972)


  Real shocks to puppies experiment

  • 54% males to 450v
  • 100% females to 450v
• Adorno


  Authoritarian Personality research, psychological disorder

  • F scale created
• Elmes and Milgram (1966)


  Interviewed ppts from Milgrams

  • 450V = higher on F scale
• Rotter (1966)


  Locus of control, internal and external
• Holland (1967)


  Replicated Milgrams

  • 37% with internal LOC refused to continue
  • 23% with external LOC refused to continue
• Moscovici (1969)


  Blue-green slides

  • 8.4% conformity when consistent
  • 25% conformity when inconsistent
• Nemeth (1986)


  Ski-lift accident, recieving compensation

  • Low flexibility = 3ppts less likely to change view
• Clark and Maass (1988)


  Heterosexual and Homosexual minorities convincing gay rights

  • Hetero = more likely to change views as group membership
• Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968)


  Multistore model
• Glanzer and Cunitz


  Primary-recency effect

  • LTM = first words
  • STM = last words
  • Displaced = middle words
• Spearing


  Capacity and duration of Sensory Register

  • 75% remembered 1 row of a grid
  • Forgot due to short duration
• Baddeley


  Coding in STM + LTM, (4x) 10-word lists of acoustic and semantic variation

  • Immediate recall = worst acoustic
  • 20min recall = worst semantic
• Jacobs


  Capacity of STM, digit span test

  • Words = 7 +/- 2
  • Numbers = 9

  Chunking helped memory
• Peterson and Peterson


  Duration of STM, recall of 3-letter trigrams

  • 18secs = less than 10% recall if performing interference task
• Wagenaar


  Capacity of LTM, diary of 2400 events over 6yrs

  • 75% of recall after 1yr
  • 45% of recall after 5yrs
• Bahrick


  Duration of LTM, recall of school friends from photos

  • 90% after 15yrs
  • 80% after 45yrs
• Vargha-Khadem


  Children with damaged hippocampus, but not parahippocampal cortices

  • Had episodic amnesia but could recall facts
• Baddeley and Hitch (1974)


  Working Memory Model
• Shallice and Warrington


  KF injury left impairment to verbal STM but visual functioning was fine
• Prabhakaran


  fMRIs whilst completing tasks

  • Found activity in prefrontal cortex when info is integrated, and posterior when not
• Schmidt


  Questionnaire of map around school, asked to recall streets

  • More times theyve moved, less likely to remember
• Greenberg and Underwood


  10 word pairs, every 48hrs given a new list

  • Found recall was worse after every new list
• Godden and Baddeley


  Diver's cue-dependent study

  • Found best recall in same conditions
• Overton


  Cue-dependent learning drunk/sober

  • Recall best in learnt state
• Tulving and Pealstone


  Free recall of 48 words or 12 categories of 4 words

  • Recall more in categories
• Bartlett (1932)


  Reconstructive memory inaccurate due to schemas
• Yerkes-Dodson


  Law of arousal, EWT accuracy increases as anxiety does, but too much leads to inaccurate
• Loftus and Palmer


  Car crash clip, changing verbs

  • Estimated faster with harsher verbs
• Gabbert


  Videos of crime, then talk to pair

  • 71% recalled crime not from their video
• Johnson and Scott


  2 conditions of pencil and knife

  • 49% identification with pencil
  • 33% identification with knife