TH3316 FINAL EXAM REVIEW

• What source uses poetry to emphasize the importance of the temple, and why? (Historiography)

  1 Maccabees, because the rededication of the temple is Judah's greatest accomplishment
• According to 2 Maccabees, who most gets the credit for the shift from suffering to prosperity? (Historiography)

  the martyrs
• What source wrote primarily for a Jewish audience?

  1 Maccabees (Jews under Hasmonean rule)
• What source wrote primarily for an audience inside the land of Israel?

  1 Maccabees
• Approximately what year and what individual are most associated with the transition from the Persian period to the Hellenistic period?

  333, Alexander the Great
• What is the best description of the expectation in fighting according to 1 Maccabees?


  the Jews should fight against their enemies. The practical need of self-preservation outweighs the spiritual idea of pious observance
• What might explain the view of God in 1 Maccabees?


  the idea that God talks to people and intervenes on a regular basis undermines political stability
• Who uses the analogy, "As the architect of a new house must give his attention to the whole structure, while the man who undertakes the decoration and the frescoes has only to concern himself with what is needed for ornamentation".

  the author of 2 Maccabees, comparing himself to the decorator
• What term describes the family of Judah (=Judas) and the period in which they ruled, 152-63 BCE?

  Hasmonean
• What is the most basic structural feature of Hebrew poetry?

  Parallelism
• What might explain the view of God in Josephus?


  a Gentile audience would have been offended by the idea that God shows favorites to one nation over another
• What is the best description of the view of the afterlife in 2 Macc (particularly the mother and seven sons?)


  the body will resurrect
• What theological concept is most essential for explaining this verse, "Through me and my brothers may there be an end to the wrath of the Almighty that has justly fallen on our whole nation"

  vicarious suffering
• What view of martyrdom is endorsed by the author of 1 Maccabees?


  it is better to compromise one's way of life a little to preserve one's life than to be wiped out entirely
• What term refers to a list of supremely authoritative books to which none can be added and none can be removed?

  canon
• How does 1 Maccabees feel about Jews killing other Jews?

  scripture gives plenty of examples of justified killing for God, such as Abraham and Elijah
• Which of the following is rejected by 1 Maccabees but not Josephus?

  prophecy
• Around what time did Josephus write?


  70-100 CE
• What term describes the Hellenistic kings (including Antiochus IV Epiphanes) whose capital was north of Palestine in Antioch, and who ruled Jerusalem from 198 until 164?

  Seleucid
• What is "The King wrote that all should be one people" an example of?

  Universalism
• What term refers to a single human designated by God to act on God's behalf, especially in an eschatological context? (Apocalypses)

  Messiah
• According to the Apocalypse of Weeks, what is the final thing that needs to happen in the new, improved future?


  Heaven will be replaced
• What is the best interpretation of the following verse: "Before I took your mother Edna as my wife, I saw in a vision on my bed, and look, a bull came forth from the earth, and that bull was white. And after it a young heifer came forth. And with her two bull calves came forth; one of them was black, and one was red"

  the highest spiritual state depends on celibacy (not having sex)
• What is the best match for the way that scholars use the term "apocalypse"?


  a genre of revelatory literature
• How many judgment days are there according to 1 Enoch?


  Two: one past, one future
• According to the Animal Apocalypse, what is the best explanation for the last 490 years or so of human history?


  God outsources sovereignty over God's people to seventy bad angels, but appoints one good angel to record their injustice
• How does the Animal Apocalypse imagine Judah Maccabee?

  ram
• How does the Animal Apocalypse describe bad Jews?

  blind sheep
• What is the Apocalypse of Weeks talking about when it says, "there will arise a perverse generation, and many will be its deeds, and all its deeds will be perverse"?


  the recent past up to the present
• According to the Apocalypse of Weeks, what is the first thing that needs to happen in the new, improved future?


  the good Jews will go from an underdog movement to having military and financial power
• What best describes the marriages between angels and women in Genesis, as understood in the Book of the Watchers and the rest of 1 Enoch?

  The angels knew marrying women was a sin but conspired against God while still in heaven and then invaded earth
• When Genesis says that Enoch "walked with God", it primarily means that Enoch was righteous. According to ancient interpreters, though, it also implied which of the following?

  Enoch toured the cosmos with angels
• Among humans, against whom does the Animal Apocalypse anticipate the harshest punishment? (i.e., whom does it hate the most?)

  the Jewish leadership
• What is LEAST relevant to the explanation of evil in the Animal Apocalypse?


  the fall of humankind occurred in the Garden of Eden when Adam and Eve, through pride, disobeyed God's command
• What is the attitude toward the temple for the authors of the Animal Apocalypse?


  the temple has been defiled for so long that the Jews will have to destroy it so they can build a pure temple
• What best represents the sketch of history according to the Apocalypse of Weeks?

  all of history is divided into ten periods, presented as weeks. Six have past, the audience is living in the seventh, and three more periods will follow
• What is the most important tool for dating when an apocalypse was written?

  identifying the shift from interpreting history to wishful thinking and concluding that it was written shortly after the last otherwise-known event
• What is the following verse referring to: "After me there will be a second week, in which deceit and violence will spring up, and in it will be the first end, and in it a man will be saved"

  Noah will survive the flood
• What was Enoch's profession?

  scribe
• According to the Apocalypse of Weeks, what makes the cool people so cool?


  God makes them seven times smarter than everyone else