learnt behaviour

• Define imprinting 


  learning that occurs for a short time in very young

  animals of certain species

  Animal identifies with another animal or a large object

  This ensures that young animals follow their parents + avoid danger + survive + learn skills from parents

  Animal will relate to the imprinted animal for rest of life
• Define habituation

  learning where response to a stimulus decreases if stimulus is not reinforced

  ignore stimuli as it will have no benefit towards survival
• conditioning

  learning via association

  requires a reward or a punishment to reinforce the behaviour

  
  

  CLASSICAL CONDITIONING:

  • The usual stimulus (unconditional) is replaced by a new stimulus (conditional). The animal learns to respond to both producing the same response.
  • Behaviour = same, Stimulus = different

  OPERANT CONDITIONING:

  • normal behaviour is rewarded or punished
  • if rewarded = more likely to repeat behaviour
  • if punished = less likely to repeat behaviour
  • Behaviour = bad behaviour eliminated, appropriate behaviour reinforced
• Continuous reinforcement

  Responses are reinforced

  Schedules of intermittent reinforcement affect the rate of response, the acquisition of a behaviour, and resistance to extinction

  if continuous used: learning of behaviour = quicker, extinction will also occur quicker
• Latent/Exploratory learning

  Storing information that has survival value for later

  e.g learning layout of territory to escape predators

  Enables animals to survive longer
• Insight learning

  involves animals using several past experiences and

  synthesising them in order to solve a problem.

  involves thoughts and reasoning
• extended parental care

  care occurring over a long period
• Innate behaviour Learned behaviour

  inherited not inherited

  not changed by environment changed by environment

  inflexible adapts to new circumstances

  similar in species/breed differs between individuals in species species