Changing in population

• Natural increase


  The difference between births and deaths in a population over a specific period, typically measured annually
• Calculating natural increase


  Subtracting the number of deaths from the number of births
• Positive natural increase


  Births exceed deaths, leading to population growth
• Negative natural increase


  Deaths exceed births, resulting in population decline
• Factors influencing natural increase


  • Fertility rates
  • Mortality rates
  • Life expectancy
  • Access to healthcare
  • Overall population health
• Population structure


  The distribution of individuals across different age groups within a population
• Age structure


  • Typically depicted using population pyramids, which illustrate the proportion of individuals in various age cohorts (e.g., children, working-age adults, elderly)
• Aging population


  An increase in the number of older people within a population, whilst the number of young people remains low or does not increase
• Implications of population structure


  • Workforce participation
  • Dependency ratios
  • Healthcare needs
  • Pension systems
  • Economic productivity
• Drivers of migration


  • Economic opportunities
  • Employment prospects
  • Educational pursuits
  • Family reunification
  • Political instability
  • Conflict
  • Environmental factors
  • Social networks
• Migration has far-reaching implications for both sending and receiving countries, influencing population growth, labor markets, cultural diversity, social cohesion, and development outcomes