Post war problems history ww1

• Post-war problems


  1. The post-war problems grew

  2. Resulting in the hyperinflation crisis of 1923
• Reparations


  Payments made by Germany to the countries who had won the war, as agreed in the Treaty of Versailles
• In 1921, the amount of reparations was decided: 6.6 billion marks over 66 years
• This was a massive amount, especially considering Germany's huge economic problems
• It increased German hatred of the Treaty of Versailles and the government that had signed it
• The invasion of the Ruhr and hyperinflation

  1. In 1921 Germany managed to pay the first reparations instalment

  2. In December 1922 Germany announced it could not afford to pay the second instalment

  3. In January 1923, French and Belgian troops invaded the Ruhr

  4. The German government urged passive resistance (non-violent opposition)

  5. French and Belgian soldiers arrested, expelled and even killed some striking workers

  6. The German economy was badly hit

  7. The government decided to print more money, which led to hyperinflation
• Hyperinflation


  When the price of goods increases spectacularly
• Price of bread


  • 1 mark in 1919
  • 100 marks in 1922
  • 200,000 billion marks in 1923
• Negative effects of hyperinflation

  • Some people could not afford essentials like bread
  • Wages rose, but not as quickly as prices
  • Some businesses went bankrupt
  • People with fixed or monthly incomes, such as pensioners, suffered most
  • Savings became worthless. This affected the middle classes most
  • People blamed the Weimar government, which made it even more unpopular
• Positive effects of hyperinflation

  • Farmers benefited, as they were paid more for food
  • Some people and businesses could pay off loans and mortgages
  • Fixed rents for rooms or shops became very cheap
  • Foreign visitors could buy more for their money
• 6. Blame on government


  The Weimar government was blamed for the hyperinflation, making it even more unpopular during this time.
• What are the aims of the funeral rite?

  -Communion with deceased:to support the deceased person on their journey into the next life with efficacious prayer. Significance: Catholics are reassured that they can support the deceased after death, and forgive them for any wrongdoing.

  
  

  -Communion of the community:to show how people gathered are still connected to the deceased person in the Church, the Body of Christ. Significance: Catholics are reassured they remain in connection with one another through prayer and the Eucharist.

  
  

  -Proclamation of eternal life to the community:to remind people that death is not the end of life but the passage from this world to life with God. Significance: Catholics are given hope for the future and can refocus on their own life and priorities.
• What is prayer?


  Prayer is communication with God.
• What are the different times of prayer and their importance?


  -Repentance:Acknowledging their sins and asking for forgiveness, e.g the I Confess.

  -Thanksgiving:Expressing love and gratitude to God, e.g Grace before meals.

  -Adoration:God is God, e.g the Glory Be.
• What is the Trinity?


  "One God in Three Persons" CCC 253
• What is the Nicene Creed?


  The Christian declaration of faith, first drawn up in 381 CE at Constantinople.
• How is Baptism related to the Trinity?


  It is the entry rite into the Catholic Church and most Christian churches and denominations perform it "In the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit" as instructed by Jesus in Matthew 28:19.
• When in the Mass is the Trinity mentioned?

  1) The Sign of the Cross.

  2) The Eucharistic Prayer.

  3) Doxology - glory to the Father, Son and the Holy Spirit.
• What is a doctrine?


  Anything that one person teaches to another.
• What does CCC 253 say about the Trinity?

  "The Trinity is One. We do not confess three Gods, but one God in three persons"
• Why is the Trinity important to understand God?


  The explanation of God as a Trinity is significant for Catholics because it reveals some of the mystery of God, as well as providing a way for them to understand how he connects to them in different ways. Most importantly, the relationships of love within the Trinity teach Catholics about love in their own lives.
• What is a "creed"?

  The word Creed comes from the Latin word credo, which means "I believe". It is a set of words, a formal expression of what the Catholic Church believes and teaches , a summary of some of its main doctrines. Each of the Catholic Church's creeds was written in response to a mistake/heresy.
• What is Apostolic Tradition?

  The wisdom inspired by the Holy Spirit which influences the words and practices of the Church.
• At what point did God reveal himself as Trinitarian?

  In Matthew 3:16-17 "the Spirit of God descending like a dove, and alighting in him, and lo, a voice from heaven, saying, "This is my beloved Son""
• Who believed that Jesus was only a prophet (a spokesman for God), but not God himself. He was lower than God, similar to God but not quite God himself?

  An Egyptian priest named Arius
• Who was Alexander that opposed Arius' idea that God was just a prophet?


  The bishop of Alexandria, he excommunicated Arius from the Church leading the Roman Emperor Constantine to become unhappy and was the reason for the Council of Nicea to be called.
• What was the Council of Nicea?


  Constantine created the first ecumenical council to discover the nature of Jesus.
• What does homoousios mean?

  Of the same substance.
• What does homoiousios mean?

  Of a similar substance.
• What was the Holy Spirit and the First Council of Constantinople?


  The First Council of Constantinople (Constantinople I) met to resolve the disputes. It was decided to: reaffirm the Creed of Nicaea of 325, but expand it a bit to underline that the Holy Spirit was also fully God.
• What are the first words of the Bible?

  "In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth" Genesis 1:1
• What does creatio ex nihilo mean?

  Creation out of nothing
• What is described in Genesis 1?

  It describes how God created the Earth in six days, and then he rested on the seventh day.
• What is described in Genesis 2?

  Catholics believe Genesis 2 is a more detailed overview of creation and describes when God created man.
• What does it mean for God to be a benevolent creator?


  A loving creator. He placed humans in a garden full of wonderful trees and plants. Another sign of his goodness is that he creates human beings as free.
• What does Genesis 3 describe?


  The first original sin of Adam and Eve: eating the fruit from the tree of knowledge. Genesis 3 introduces the idea that sin leads to suffering. If humans do not obey the teachings of God, things cannot work out right.
• What is said in Genesis 1:3?

  "God said 'Let there be light' and there was light"
• What is said in Genesis 1:2?


  "The spirit of God was moving over the face pf the waters"
• What is said in John 1:1-3?

  "He was in the beginning with God; all things were made through him"
• What do literal Christians believe about Creation?

  They believe that everything described in Genesis really happened, including God creating the world in six days.