Chemistry

Created by

Tilly Lucas

Cards (43)

How many electrons in their outer shell do group 1 metals have?
1 electron
What is the maximum amount of electrons the outer shell can take?
8 electrons, 2 for He and H
Why are elements reactive?
because atoms will gain or lose electrons until they have a full outer shell
what are the first three elements in group 1?
lithium, sodium, amd potassium
what is easier for group 1 metals to do in terms of electrons to gain a full outer shell?
donate its outermost electron than gain seven more electrons to achieve a full outer shell
how are the elements in group 1 similar?
they have similar chemical and physical properties
how does density change down the group in group 1?
it increases down the group
what do the first three metals in group 1 do on water?
float
what happens to the reactivity of group 1 metals down the group?
It increases
why doe the reactivity of group 1 increase down the group?
the outermost electron gets further away from the nucleus, so the force of attraction between the electron and nucleus is weaker
What are the non-metals in group 7 known as?
the halogens
why do group 7 halogens have similar properties?
they all have 7 electrons in their outer shell
what is it easier for group 7 electrons to do to gain a full outer shell?
gain a single electron than donate seven electrons
what properties are similar in group 7?
physical and chemical properties
what is the melting/boiling points and density like in group 7?
very low melting and boiling points
not very dense
what happens to the reactivity down the group for group 7?
halogens become less reactive going down the group
why do the halogens get less reactive going down the group?
the closer the outer shell is to the nucleus, the stronger the force of attraction and the easier it is to gain an electron
what are the non-metals in group 0 known as?
the noble gases
what do the elements in group 0 have?
a full outer shell, they dont react with other elements
In general for metals:

the lower down the group, what happens to the reactivity?
the fewer the electrons in the outer shell, what happens to the reactivity?
the more reactive the element
the more reactive it will be
why is K more reactive than Ca?
Ca has two electrons in its outer shell and K only has one
What can a metal higher in the reactivity series do?
it can displace another metal from a compound
In general for non metals:

the higher up the group, what happens to reactivity?
the greater the number of electrons in the outer shell, what happens to reactivity?
the more reactive the element
the more reactive it will be
what will very reactive metals react with acid to form?
metal salts+hydrogen
what will reactive metals react with water to form?
metal hydroxides+hydrogen
the more reactive the metal, will it donate its outer electrons quicker or slower, and what type of ion is formed?
donate its outer electrons quicker
it forms positive metal ions
properties of oxygen gas
a colourless gas that helps fuels burn more readily in the air
test for oxygen gas 
it relights a glowing splint
properties of carbon dioxide gas
a colourless gas produced when fuels are burned in a sufficient supply of oxygen
test for carbon dioxide
turns limewater milky/cloudy
properties of hydrogen gas
a colourless gas that combines violently with oxygen when ignited
test for hydrogen gas 
when mixed with air, it burns with a squeaky pop
properties of chlorine gas
it is a green poisonous gas that bleaches dyes
test for chlorine gas 
it turns a damp indicator paper white
down the group for halogens, what happens to the bleaching effect and colours?
bleaching effect decreases
colours get darker
non-metallic properties of halogens
brittle, dull solids
type of bonding between halogen atoms
covalent bonding
what type of molecules do halogens exist as?
diatomic molecules
fluorine

colour at room temp
colour of vapour
state at room temp
bleaching effect
yellow
yellow gas
gas
very strong
chlorine

colour at room temp
colour of vapour
state at room temp
bleaching effect
green
green gas
gas
strong