Aice International History

• Countries

  • Britain
  • France
  • United States
  • Germany
  • Belgium
  • Italy
  • Japan
  • China
  • Russia
  • Spain
  • Cuba
  • Philippines
  • South Africa
  • Ottoman Empire
  • Poland
  • Czechoslovakia
  • Switzerland
  • Austria-Hungary
• David Livingstone

  Went to Africa to explore and spread the 3 C's = commerce, christianity, and civilization. He wanted to abolish slavery and treat the Africans like people. He would sell books talking about his adventures and many people in the nineteenth century bought Livingstone's books to hear about the slave trade from a different perspective.
• Livingstone traveled to South Africa


  1841
• 6 years after Livingstone haven't been heard from


  1869
• The year he was found by Henry Morton Stanley

  1871
• Livingstone died

  1873
• Henry Morton Stanley

  Went to Africa to find Livingstone. "Dr. Livingstone I presume". Was hired by Leopold II to make deals with African tribe leaders to gain land and access to the river.
• King Leopold II

  A cruel leader that took over the Congo. He would take the Africans as slaves and put them to work. He would acquire rubber and if an African misbehaved he would mutilate them and cut off their limbs.
• Jules Ferry

  Prime minister of France at the time of the Scramble for Africa. Led the Berlin Conference.
• Otto Von Bismark

  Chancellor of Germany during the Scramble for Africa. He united Germany and was one of the head leaders during the Berlin Conference. He was less aggressive than Kaiser Wilhelm II.
• Cecil Rhodes

  British wealthy man. He traveled to Africa and established the De Beers Diamond Company. He became very wealthy because of the diamonds he mined. He later became prime minister of Cape Colony. He led the Jameson Raid against the Boer's to try and steal gold from out of their territory. The plan failed.
• Paul Kruger

  Led the Boers during their independence and was their leader during the boer wars. He received a telegram from Kaiser Wilhelm after the Jameson Raid congratulating him for winning.
• Kaiser Wilhelm II

  Otto Von Bismark's succeeder. He was part british and he resented the british since he blamed the doctor that delivered him as a baby for causing his deformity. He was more aggressive than Otto Von Bismark and was involved in the Boer War. He was the last king and emperor of Germany and helped lead Germany into war.
• James Monroe

  The creator of the Monroe doctrine. The doctrine warned European powers not to interfere in the affairs of the western hemisphere. It also said the United States would not interfere in European affairs.
• Matthew Perry

  An American naval officer who commanded ships in several wars, such as the War of 1812 and the Mexican - American War. He ended Japan's isolationism and opened their front. He did gunboat diplomacy to scare the Japanese.
• Joseph Pulitzer & William Randolph Hearst

  Two newspaper owners that started yellow journalism. Yellow journalism all started with the creation of the yellow kid cartoons that would poke fun at the people living in New York as well as things going on around the world. A feud began between the two and due to the Spanish-American war they began releasing not legitimate nor well-researched news and instead used eye-catching headlines to increase sales. Pulitzer owned the New York World while Hearst owned the Journal.
• William McKinely

  The 25th president of the United States that was in power when the Spanish-American war broke out. He was later assassinated leading to Roosevelt replacing him.
• Theodore Roosevelt

  The 26th president of the United States that helped aid the united states to victory in the Spanish-American war. He demoted himself to a lower position in the navy to fight boots on the ground with his fellow rowdy riders. He helped expand the navy and successfully ended the Russo-Japanese war which made him the first american to ever win the Nobel Peace Prize. Helped create the Panama Canal.
• Emperor Meiji

  After his father died he at 15 took the position of emperor. He gained the title of the enlightened one and gained more power as the shogun stepped down. He became the sole power and shintoism (the belief that the emperor descended from gods) spread under his rule. He modernized Japan and took inspiration from the westerners.
• Czar Nicholas

  He was the leader of Russia at the time of the Russo-Japanese war. Through his rule the economy was very bad with many thinking his head was in the clouds. He made many mistakes during the war ultimately leading to their not official humiliating loss in the war. He and his whole family were killed by the Bolsheviks and they took power. (Communism starts because of them)
• Woodrow Wilson

  President of the United States and creator of the famous 14 points. He created the League of Nations and wanted to stop practicing Isolationism but congress (mostly controlled by republicans) said no. He led the US during WW1 and was the last country to enter. During the treaty of Versailles he wanted a lenient peace based on the 14-points and his slogan "Peace without victory". He wanted to prevent tensions between countries and wanted to act as a mediator to not have any more world wars. Wilson wanted a fair and just settlement for germany and didn't want to be involved in the Paris Peace Conference. Wanted good relations with Germany for the future (wouldn't blame Germany). The US thrived under his term as president because many industries expanded, they supplied the allies with materials, and were able to gain new markets in South America and East Asia.
• Georges Clemenceau

  Known as the Tiger he was in charge of France during WW1. He wanted to destroy Germany during the treaty of Versailles economically and militarily. He wanted to avenge France after their humiliating loss in the Franco-Purssian war. He wanted to gain revenge for the devastation France had suffered due to German aggression during the first world war. He wanted to make sure Germany could never threaten French borders and wanted to secure a guarantee of British and American support in the event of a German attack against France in the future. Wanted to gain back Alsace-Lorraine from Germany, an independent Rhineland, no league of nations, and the disbandment of the German army.
• Lloyd George

  The leader of Britain and was known for his saying "make Germany pay (but not too much). He wanted a less severe settlement for the Germans so that they could recover quickly and continue to trade with them. The British were overtaken by both the USA and Japan as the world's leading exporter. The Great War cost Britain £3.25 billion as Britain wanted to enhance its overseas trade. During the treaty of Versailles he wanted land for British takeover and Naval superiority.
• Adolf Hitler

  He started off as a speaker and started to gain followers (aka the Nazis). He later became the president of Germany and was responsible for starting World War II when he invaded Poland. He was a very aggressive and unpredictable leader and was whom Britain and France continuously appeased. He took over the Sudetenland and eventually all of Czechoslovakia while continuing to rearm and remilitarize Germany. He broke the democratic government in Germany and turned it into a dictatorship. During the Spanish Civil war he got Germany involved to distract Italy from the agreement he wanted to make with Austria (Anschluss).
• Benito Mussolini

  The leader of Italy. He was trying to make Italy the roman empire once again and turned them Fascist. He took over Corfu and was responsible for taking over Abyssinia (Ethiopia). He was one of the main league of nations leaders but saw how Britain and France were treating Germany and decided to join forces with Hitler.
• Francisco Franco

  The revolutionary leader of Spain that wanted to change the government to a dictatorship. He ended up leading the nationalists to victory and won the war because of the help of Italy and Germany.
• Neville Chamberlain

  The leader of Britain and who continuously let Hitler do whatever he wanted. He held many meetings with Hitler and thought he had convinced him to disarm but was very wrong.
• Vladimir Lenin

  He was the leader of the Bolsheviks and rose to power. He governed between 1917 and 1924 and kept Russia communist. He held the 1919 comintern and invited others to join the communist side.
• Joseph Stalin

  After Lenin died he took power and ruled the USSR during World War II. Many countries were afraid of him and worried that communism would spread to their own countries. He made agreements with Hitler to split Poland and half but then Hitler took over all of Poland.
• Old Imperialism (1400's - 1800's)

  The colonization of the Americas between the 15th and 18th century
• 1st Industrial revolution: Development in textiles, iron, and steam. Britain led this revolution and profited greatly.

  1765
• Cape Colony established: Britain went down to South Africa and established Cape Colony.

  1814
• Panic of 1819: A financial panic started because people started freaking out over the frontier closing.

  1819
• Slavery abolished in Cape Colony: To justify why the British took over the Cape Colony they abolished Slavery.

  1834
• The Great Trek: The boers were upset by this and decided to leave to establish their own colony.

  1835
• Century of Humiliation

  A series of lost wars and unfair treaties.
• 1st Opium War: Britain beat China and started implementing unequal treaties.

  1839-42
• Treaty of Nanking: The treaty that ended the first Opium War, the first of the unequal treaties between China and foreign imperialist powers. It made China pay the British an indemnity, ceded the territory of Hong Kong, and agreed to establish a "fair and reasonable" tariff.

  1842
• 2nd Industrial revolution: Characterized by steel, electrics, and automobiles. Improvements in several fields such as transportation increased the European nation's economy.

  1850
• Taiping Rebellion: A large-scale rebellion against the Qing dynasty and the presence of foreigners in China. (Christian cult)

  1851- 64