Chem - Year 1

• Cows go


  Mooooo
• What is activation energy


  The minimum energy that colliding particles must possess for a reaction to occur
• what is the actual yield

  the actual mass obtained
• What is an addition reaction

  A reaction in which two molecules combine to form one molecule
• what is an aldehyde

  a homologous series of organic compounds formed by the partial oxidation of primary alcohols. An organic compound in which the carbonyl group is attached to a carbon atom at the end of a carbon chain. 

  
• What is atom economy

  the molar mass of the desired product divided by the sum of the molar masses of all the products, expressed as a percentage
• what is the atomic number

  the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element
• what is Avogadro’s constant

  the number of atoms in carbon-as in exactly 12g of Carbon-12

  the value is: 6.02x10^23 mol^-1
• what is Avogadro’s law

  it states that equal volumes of gases under the same conditions of temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules
• what is the base peak

  this indicates the peak with the greatest abundance.  the tallest peak because it represents the commonest fragment ion to be formed
• What is a basic oxide

  An oxide of a metal which reacts with water to form a metal hydroxide, and with an acid to form a salt and water
• what is a bioalcohol

  a fuel made from plant matter, often using enzymes or bacteria
• what is a biodegradable polymer

  a polymer that can be broken down by microbes
• what is biodiesel 


  a fuel made from vegetable oils obtained from plants
• what are biofuels

  fuels that are obtained from living matter that has recently died
• what is a ‘block’ in the periodic table

  the image shows where the different blocks are in the periodic table.

  
• what is bond enthalpy

  the enthalpy change when one mole of a bond in the gaseous state is broken
• what is bond length

  the distance between nuclei of two atoms that are covalently bonded together
• what is carbocation

  a positive ion in which the charge is shown on a carbon atom
• what is a carboxylic acid

  a homologous series of organic compounds formed by the complete oxidation of primary alcohols

  
• What is a catalyst 


  A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction but is chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction
• what is complete combustion

  when all the atoms in the fuel are fully oxidised
• What are concordant titres

  Titres that are close together - usually within 0.20cm^3
• What is cracking


  The breakdown of molecules into shorter ones by heating with a catalyst
• what do curly arrows represent

  the movement of electron pairs
• what is dehydration


  a reaction which results in the removal of the hydroxyl group in an alcohol molecule, together with a hydrogen atom from an adjacent carbon atom, forming a C=C double bond
• what are delocalised electrons


  any electrons that are not associated with any single atom or any single covalent bond; relevant in metallic bonding
• what is a diol


  a compound containing two -OH (alcohol) groups
• what is a dipole

  a dipole is said to exist when two changes of equal magnitude but opposite signs are separated by a small distance
• what is a discrete (simple) molecule


  an electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds
• what is a displacement reaction


  a reaction in which one element replaces another element in a compound
• what is a disproportionate reaction


  the simultaneous oxidation and reduction of an element in a single reaction
• What is distillation with addition


  The heating of a reaction mixture, but adding another liquid and distilling off the product as it forms
• what is electronegativity


  the ability of a pair of electrons in a covalent bond
• what is an electrophile

  a species that is attracted to a region of high electron density
• what is electrophilic addition

  a reaction in which two molecules form one molecule and the attacking molecule is an electrophile
• what is an elimination reaction


  where a molecule loses atoms attached to adjacent carbon atoms, forming a C=C double bond
• what is the empirical formula

  formula of a substance that shows the simplest ratio of atoms contained within it
• what is the end point


  the point at which the indicator just changes colour. the end point should coincide with the equivalence point
• what is an endothermic reaction

  a reaction where heat energy is transferred from the surroundings to the system. temperature detected decreases