perdev

• Adolescence

  A period of change for young people, a transition from childhood to adulthood accompanied by physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development
• Stages of Adolescence

  • Early Adolescence (10 to 13 years old)
  • Middle Adolescence (14 to 16 years old)
  • Late Adolescence (17 to 19 years old)
• Physical development


  • Changes in the size, appearance, functions and physical capacities of an individual
• Cognitive development


  • Different intellectual abilities and thought processes
• Socioemotional development


  • Regulation and management of emotions and feelings, interpersonal skills and different aspects of behavior
• Principles of Development


  • Sequential
  • Individualized
  • Gradual
  • Holistic
• Sequential

  Development happens in a fixed sequence, a person cannot skip stages and milestones
• Individualized


  Development is influenced by genes and environment, a person will not develop exactly the same as someone else
• Gradual


  Development does not happen instantly, it is a gradual process
• Holistic


  A person must be looked at as a whole (physically, cognitively and socioemotionally) to understand their development
• Storm and Stress

  Adolescents go through depressed moods due to peer relations or failed "romantic" relationships
• Identity vs. Identity Confusion

  Adolescents question their existence and attempt to answer "Who am I?" and "What is my place in society?"
• Imaginary Audience and Personal Fable


  Adolescents feel that they are on stage and that everyone's attention is on them, they feel sensitive to criticism
• Developmental Tasks in Relation to the SELF

  • Accept, care and protect one's physical body
  • Manage one's sexuality and the roles that go with it
  • Select and prepare for a job or career
  • Adopt a personal set of values to guide behavior
• Interpersonal Developmental Tasks


  • Establish mature relationships with peers of both sexes
  • Recreate their relationships with their parents
  • Build and embrace socially acceptable behavior and become socially responsible
  • Be knowledgeable about family life and home management matters
• Peer


  An equal of a person - someone of the same rank, or status or background
• Roles of Peers In Adolescence

  • Provide Emotional Support
  • Help Develop Skills (Leadership, Social)
  • Help Mold Behaviors and Beliefs
• Adolescents compare themselves to others as a way to cope with the changes they experience</b>
• Upward Comparison


  Comparing yourself against someone whom you perceive as better or more successful than you
• Downward Comparison


  Comparing yourself against someone who is in a worse situation than you are
• Ways to Manage Peer Social Comparison

  • Gratitude is key
  • Be inspired
  • Compete with yourself
• Responsibility


  The duty to act and answer for your actions' results
• Types of Responsibilities


  • Legal Responsibility
  • Moral Responsibility
  • Social Responsibility
  • Personal Responsibility
• Moral Responsibility


  Obligations to do the right thing because to ignore it would be wrong, with 3 elements: Knowledge, Freedom, Involvement/Causality
• Components of Personal Responsibility


  • Ownership
  • Accountability
  • Proactivity
  • Self-Improvement
• Eating Disorders


  Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge-eating Disorder
• Types of Psychoactive Drugs


  • Stimulants (crystal meth, cocaine)
  • Depressants (alcohol)
  • Narcotics (morphine, codeine, heroine)
  • Hallucinogens (LSD, ecstasy)
• Neurotransmitters affected by Alcohol


  Serotonin, Dopamine, Oxytocin, Norepinephrine, Endorphins
• There's a 65% increase in cases of teenage pregnancy in the Philippines over 10 years
• Peer Pressure

  The influence of other people's perceptions on your decisions or actions
• Rebellion


  Adolescents rejecting societal standards and replacing them with their own
• Morality


  A set of principles that a person chooses to live by, influencing decisions about what is right and wrong
• Abstract thinking


  Imagining or comprehending things that are not physically present
• Concrete thinking


  Making conclusions based on the actual presence or direct experiencing an object or concept
• Emotional competence

  The ability to handle and manage emotional responses
• Social competence


  The ability to relate to others effectively
• Self-Fulfilling Prophecy (Pygmalion Effect)

  A prediction that becomes real because your belief that it will happen influences the outcome
• Expectancy Effect


  The effect of other people's expectations on your behavior
• People with significant influences on adolescents


  • Family
  • School
  • Peers
  • Community
• development is the act or process of developing; growth