Lorenz

• Procedure- took clutch of gosling eggs, randomly divided into two groups, one left with mother one left in incubator, to check they had imprinted, he put markers on them, (to show which group), and them all in a container then they were released, he measured whether goslings followed the mother or lorenz.
• Found- they quickly separated and those from the mother followed her and the incubator goslings followed him. They imprinted on the 1st moving object they saw, even before they had been fed.
• Conclusion- attachment is innate and not to do with food, imprinting was strongest between 13 and 16 hours after this the effects of imprinting reduced- suggesting critical period
• Evaluation- guiton supports imprinting as it was found that leghorns chickens attached to a rubber glove.
• Evaluation- human attachment is more complex than attachment in birds, eg, mothers show more emotional attachment in their young more than animal mothers do, therefore we must be cautious when we extrapolate research into attachment in geese to humans
• Real world application to this study- used to help birds migrate and orphan lambs to attach to a surrogate mother
• half the eggs were hatched by Lorenz in an incubator and half were hatched biologically by the mother
• greylag goose eggs
• findings- goslings who has imprinted on him ran to him, goslings who had imprinted on the mother goose had ran to her
• Lorenz found the goslings had a critical period of around 32 hours, if a gosling did not see a large moving object to imprint on in these first few hours, it lost its ability to imprint