women as bards

• E. Hauser - the siren's power is "their ability to mimic the epic poets" and their danger is "setting the man off course from his epic poem to the woman's epic poem"
• Clayton - Penelope's weaving as metaphor for oral recomposition
• E. Hauser - Circe combines the female traits of weaving and singing, dangerous magic and dangerous song
• S. Butler - argues that because women are central to the Odyssey, the author must have been a woman, namely Nausicaa