ch 17.3

• plamsa

  fluid portion of the blood
• non fluid portion of the blood

  composed of formed elements
• three formed elements of blood

  erythrocytes (RBCs), thrombocytes (platelets), and leukocytes (WBCs)
• how are the formed elements created?

  through differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow
• erythrocytes (RBCs)

  Carry oxygen to the tissues and remove carbon dioxide
• thrombocytes (platelets)

  blood clot formation and tissue repair
• leukocytes (WBCs)

  mechanisms of innate and adaptive immunity
• Which one is formed in the greatest amounts?

  most hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) become erythrocytes
• 2 categories of leukocytes / white blood cells

  granulocytes and agranulocytes
• how to differentiate between granulocytes and agranulocytes

  granulocytes have a large number of granules, while agranulocytes have none
• types of granulocytes

  neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
• neutrophils

  3-5 granule lobes
• eosinophils

  2-3 granule lobes that are reddish orange
• basophils

  2 granules that or blue or purple
• purpose of eosinophils

  Protect against protozoa and helminths
• function of basophil

  inflammatory response

  - release histamine
• what dye do basophils absirb

  methylene blue
• What complement proteins activate the basophil?

  C3a and C5a
• Which leukocytes are linked to allergies?

  eosinophils, basophils, mast cells,
• mast cells

  similar to basophils, inflammatory response
• how are mast cells different from basophils?

  migrate from blood into various tissues
• types of agranulocytes

  lymphocytes and monocytes
• three types of lymphocytes

  natural killer cells

  b cells

  t cells
• two types of monocytes

  macrophages

  dendritic cells
• What types of cells do Natural Killer Cells (NKCs) destroy?

  cancer cells

  virus infected cells
• How are NKCs able to recognize the difference between a "normal" and an "abnormal" cell?

  If a cell has decreased MHC (major histocompatibility cell) cells, NKCs know to kill
• perforin (found in cytoplasm of NK cells)

  protein that creates pores in the target cell
• granzymes (found in cytoplasm of NK cells)

  proteases that enter through the pores into the target cell's cytoplasm, where they trigger a cascade of protein activation that leads to apoptosis
• monocyte function

  engulf pathogens and apoptotic cells to help fight infection
• Macrophages

  phagocytes that destroy bacteria
• Dendretic cells

  antigen presenting cells