COPD

• COPD is an irreversible chronic destruction of the lungs that causes increased CO2 and is characterized by emphysema and chronic bronchitis
• Emphysema is destruction of the alveoli while chronic bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchi
• Signs of emphysema includes pursed lip breathing, increased (barrel chest), no cough, keeps tripod position (PINK acronym)
• Signs of chronic bronchitis include blue skin (cyanosis), long term cough and sputum, unusual lung sounds (crackles, wheezing), and edema due to cor pulmonale (aka Right HF) (BLUE acronym)
• Other signs of COPD include clubbing of fingers, increased hematocrit and hemoglobin, decreased Pao2, increased PaCo2, distended neck veins, and pulmonary hypertension
• Interprofessional Care

  • Put patient in high Fowler's position
  • Use Bipap to expel CO2
  • Eat small frequent meals
  • No exercise 1 hour before and after meals
  • Use bronchodilators, anti-inflammatories, and mucolytic agents like acetylcysteine