Bonding (y9)

Created by

Rosa Cane-McCree

Cards (39)

why do atoms react
in order to obtain a full outer shell
how do metals and non-metals react
metals loose electrons to form positively charged ions
non-metals gain electrons to form negatively charged ions
what group of elements of the periodic table doesn't react and why
group 0 elements as they already have a full outer shell
what are ionic bonds 
electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
what are covalent bonds  
an electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons
which section of the periodic table is only involved in covalent bonding
non-metals
what is a double bond
it is a covalent bond that is formed by sharing 4 electrons (2 pairs) between 2 atoms
which are the strongest bonds
covalent bonds
give 3 properties of simple covalent molecules and explain them
1 low melting points and boiling points
as it doesn't require a lot of energy to break the weak intermolecular forces
2 can only be liquid or solid when the temperature is low enough
so it can pull the molecule together through the intermolecular forces
3 don't conduct electricity
as there is no charged particles or ions and there is no free electrons to carry the flow of charge
what are allotropes
different forms of the same element
what are the 5 allotropes of carbon
diamond, graphite, graphene, buckminster-fullerene and nanotubes
how many carbon atoms is each single carbon atom in diamond bonded to
each carbon atom is bonded to 4 other carbon atoms
what are the 3 properties of diamonds
1 high melting and boiling points
2 very hard
3 doesn't conduct electricity
how many carbon atoms is each carbon atom in graphite, graphene and the fullerenes bonded to
each carbon atom is bonded with 3 other carbon atoms
why is there a delocalised electron in graphite
as the C atoms are only bonding to 3 other atoms not 4 so there is a spare one
what are the 3 properties of graphite
1 high melting and boiling points
2 conducts electricity
3 slippery
how many layers of graphite makes up graphene
1 single layer
what are the 4 properties of graphene
1 high melting and boiling points
2 strong
3 conducts electricity
4 almost transparent
what is the nickname of the fullerene Buckminster-fullerene
Bucky balls
how many carbon atoms are bonded in a bucky ball
60 carbon atoms
what are 2 uses of bucky balls
1 lubricants
2 to deliver medical drugs directly to cells
what is the structure of nanotubes
they are sheets of graphene rolled into a tube
what are some uses of nanotubes
to reinforce sports equipment
what section of the periodic table is only involved in metallic bonding
metals, to form positive metal ions by loosing electrons
what is metallic bonding
the electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and a sea of delocalised electrons
name 3 properties of metallic bonds and explain
1 high melting and boiling points
as there is large amounts of energy needed to overcome the electrostatic attraction
2 conducts electricity
as the delocalised electrons can move through the structure carrying the flow of charge
3 malleable and ductile
as the atoms have the ability to move over each other into new positions without breaking the metallic bonds
what are nanoparticles  
a particle between 1nm and 100nm across
what are the steps to calculating the surface area to volume ratio
1 calculate the surface area: 6 x(length x length)
2 calculate the volume: length x length x length
3 calculate the ratio: area/volume
What does the period tell us about an element
the number of shells it has
what does the group tell us about an element
how many electrons are in its outer shell
name 6 properties of metals  
shiny
high melting and boiling points
solid at room temperature
malleable
ductile
good conductors
name 6 properties of non-metals  
dull
low melting and boiling points
half are solids, half are gas at room temperature
brittle
non-ductile
poor conductors (insulators)
give 3 properties of ionic compounds and explain 
1 high melting and boiling points as it requires a lot of energy to break the strong ionic bonds
2 conducts electricity (as a gas or liquid) as the ions can move freely and carry the flow of charge
3 soluble in water as the polar water molecules can separate and surround the ions, breaking the ionic lattice
name 2 properties of nanotubes
1 very strong
2 conduct electricity
name 2 properties of buckyballs  
1 conducts electricity
2 very strong
what are 2 properties of nanoparticles and explain them
1 highly reactive as they have a large SA:V ratio, meaning in a small amount of the material they have a large surface area for interactions
2 strong due to its small size allowing them to be tightly compact
what are the uses of nanoparticles and explain how their properties relate to them 
1 catalysts as their high SA:V ratio increases their reactivity
2 drug delivery to cells as their SA:V ratio and small size allows them to interact with cells
what are risks of nanoparticles  
they could be breathed in or absorbed by the skin (as they are so small) which can be toxic to your body causing damage
may be released into the environment and interact + damage ecosystems
how did Mendeleev arrange the periodic table  
by atomic weight and he grouped elements with similar properties; and he left spaces for undiscovered elements and predicted the properties of some elements