rnw lesson 5-7

• research report is a form of

  communication that describes, analyzes,

  summarizes, criticizes/praises, or makes

  predictions about a subject. It is based on

  an analysis of current or past events.
• Title

  It reflects the content and

  emphasis of the project described

  in the report. Similarly, it should be

  as short as possible, including

  essential key words.
• Abstract

  It is an overview of the research study

  and is typically two to four paragraphs

  in length containing 200-300 words.

  Think of it as an executive and technical

  summary that gathers the key elements

  of the remaining sections into a few

  sentences.
• Introduction

  It provides the key question that the

  researcher is attempting to answer

  and a review of any literature that is

  relevant.
• Methodology

  This is arguably the most important

  section for two reasons: (1) it allows

  readers to evaluate the quality of the

  research, and (2) it provides the

  details by which another researcher

  may replicate and validate the

  findings.
• Results

  In longer research papers, the

  results section contains the data

  and perhaps a short introduction.

  Ideally, the interpretation of the

  data and the analysis is reserved

  for the discussion section.
• Discussion

  This section is where the results of

  the study are interpreted and

  evaluated against the existing body

  or literature.
• References

  This section provides a list of each

  author and paper cited in the

  research report. Any fact, idea, or

  direct quotation used in the report

  should be cited and referenced.
• A project proposal is a document that is

  written for problem solving, service

  provision, event planning, or equipment

  selling. Generally, proposals are used to

  convince the reader to do what the

  proposal suggests.
• Gathering the Data

  One of the characteristics of an effective

  proposal is being well-researched. It

  needs concrete data to back up its claims

  so it can become more credible.
• Organizing the Data

  A proposal becomes more effective if the

  information on it is clearly organized.
• Writing the Proposal

  Fill out the parts of the proposal with the

  relevant data.
• Revising the proposal

  Make sure to review your proposal for

  accuracy and organization before you

  send it out. A good proposal will be

  comprehensive and will put your

  organization in the best light.
• Proposals are primarily categorized according

  to their length. An informal proposal is about 2-

  4 pages long. Meanwhile, a formal proposal

  has 5 or more pages. l
• Introduction

  This part provides the background necessary

  for understanding the project,
• Rationale - this identifies the problem to be

  addressed and shows the need to solve it.
• Objectives - these reveal what the project intends

  to achieve in terms of results. It also gives the

  reader an idea of the intended solution. Good

  objectives are SMART (Specific, Measurable,

  Attainable, Results-oriented, and bound within a

  realistic Time frame).
• Benefits - these show what the reader or the

  target audience can gain from the proposal,

  which may be improvements in processes or

  systems, an increase in revenue, or a change in

  behavior of the beneficiaries of the proposal.
• Project Description

  This section gives specific information

  about the project itself. It indicates how

  the project will address the identified

  problem
• Methodology – this entails the different

  activities; the project will take on,

  including the manpower (i.e., the

  people involved and their duties),

  resources to be utilized and the

  expanded output.
• Schedule - this discusses the task

  duration and expected start and end

  dates of each activity in the project.