chem

• Solution


  Mixture of two or more substances that is identical throughout (homogeneous)
• Insoluble


  Does not dissolve
• Miscible


  Liquids that are soluble in each other
• Immiscible


  The opposite of miscible
• Aqueous solution


  Solvent is water
• Universal solvent


  Water (can dissolve many)
• Electrolyte


  Dissolves in water to form a solution that conducts electric current
• Nonelectrolyte


  The opposite of electrolyte
• Types of solutions

  • Gaseous
  • Liquid
  • Solid
• Dilute solution


  Relatively small amount of solute
• Dilute solution


  • 5g salt in 100ml of water
• Concentrated solution


  Relatively large amount of solute
• Concentrated solution


  • 40g salt in 100ml of water
• Types of solutions according to the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent

  • Unsaturated - dissolved solute < saturated point; more can dissolve
  • Saturated - dissolved solute = saturation point; no more can dissolve
  • Supersaturated - dissolved solute < saturation point; additional solute gathers at the bottom

  
• Solubility


  How much stuff (solute) can dissolve in a liquid (solvent) at a certain temperature and pressure to make a saturated solution
• Factors that affect solubility

  • Nature of the solute and solvent - miscible and immiscible/polarity
  • Temperature - temp goes up, solubility of gas in liquid goes down; temp goes up, solubility of solids in liquids goes up
  • Pressure (only with gases) - when pressure goes up over solvent, solubility of gas goes up
  • Stirring or shaking - makes solute dissolve faster due to increased contact area
  • Surface area - greater surface area per unit mass, the quicker it will dissolve
• Henry's Law: solubility of gas is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid
• C = khp, where p = partial pressure, kh = gas constant, C = concentration of solute