Learning

• Learning

  A relatively permanent change in behaviour or knowledge that results from experience
• Apparent


  Learn something new
• Long-lasting

  Continue to remember
• Due to experience

  Experience of external stimuli
• Stimulus - response
• Classical conditioning

  Phase 1: before conditioning

  Neutral Stimulus - no relevant response

  Unconditioned Stimulus - Unconditioned response
• Classical conditioning

  Phase 2: During conditioning

  Neutral stimulus + unconditioned stimulus = unconditioned response
• Classical conditioning

  Phase 3: After conditioning

  Conditioned stimulus - conditioned response
• Operant conditioning

  • Response is voluntary
  • Active process
• Operant conditioning

  Antecedent - environmental stimulus

  Behaviour - any action

  Consequences - behaviour more or less likely to occur
• Operant conditioning

  4 types:

  1. Postive reinforcement
  2. Negative reinforcement
  3. Positive punishment
  4. Negative punishment
• Reinforcement

  Increase likelihood of behaviour reoccurring
• Punishment

  Decrease the likelihood of behaviour reoccurring
• Observational learning

  Socio-cognitive

  Watching someone else do something
• Observation learning

  • Person being observed is referred to as the model
  • Models can be real life
  • Or symbolic (media, TV, instructions)
• Observer more likely to pay attention if:

  • model has high status
  • model demonstrating behaviour that the observer can do
  • behaviour is visible to the observer and distinct
• 5 stage model of Observational learning

  1. Attention - the learner is focusing their awareness on the behaviours of the model
• 5 stage model of observational learning

  2. Retention - memory (mental) representation of the behaviour we observe
• 5 stage model of observational learning

  3. Reproduction - the learner practises the behaviour, must have the physical and cognitive ability and competence to put into practise what you see
• 5 stage model of observational learning

  4. Motivation - learner must want to perform the behaviour
• 5 stage model of observational learning

  5. Reinforcement - if the model receives positive reinforcement then this will increase the likelihood that the observer will repeat the behaviour
• Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander approach to learning

  System of knowledge - knowledge and skills are based on interconnected social, physical, and spiritual understandings and in turn inform survival and contribute to a strong sense of identity
• Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander approach to learning

  Multimodal - uses a variety of methods

  8 ways framework/way of knowing

  • story sharing
  • community link
  • symbols and images
• Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander approach to learning

  Country - traditional lands of a particular language or cultural group, including ideas about place, law, spirituality, identity

  • knowledge patterned on county - song lines
• Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander approach to learning

  Embedded in relationship - oral culture

  • Speak culture pass to others
• Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander approach to learning

  Embedded in relationship - collectivist culture

  • Improving society as a whole not just the individual