GENBIO_WEEK7_Q4

• Homeostasis


  A state of physiological equilibrium/balance
• Homeostasis


  • The body is constantly adapting to stimuli
  • Responses to the changes in the internal and external environment
• Positive Feedback


  Happens when the product of a reaction leads to an increase in that reaction
• Negative Feedback


  Happens when the product of a reaction leads to a decrease in that reaction
• Things the body systems work together to control


  • Diseases
  • Body Chemicals
  • Body Temperature
• Adaptation


  • The self-protective qualities and processes for homeostasis regulation
  • An ongoing process of an organism to seek and preserve balance
• How the body responds to change

  1. Body Function

  2. Adaptation
• Adaptation


  • An organism's response to change/s
• How the body controls changes


  1. Sensors - data collection & change detection

  2. Control center - The brain receives data and delivers messages

  3. Communication system - delivers messages to target organs and tissues via nerve impulses and hormones

  4. Targets organ, tissue, or cell that are change-responsive
• How plants control changes


  1. Uptake-collect and obtain the plant's survival requirements

  2. Transport and distribution - transports nutrients, water, and food throughout the plant

  3. Use of cofactors in enzymes - assist the activities happening to plants

  4. Storage - store food for growth and reproduction purposes
• Thermoregulation


  The process of keeping one's body temperature constant
• Homeotherms


  • Can regulate one's own body temperature
• Poikilotherms


  • Needs a source of heat in order to regulate one's own body temperature
• How the body regulates temperature

  1. Sweating

  2. Shivering
• How the body regulates temperature (cold)

  1. Skin detects cold causing the blood vessels to contract

  2. The heart beats slower sending signal to the brain

  3. The hypothalamus sends signal to the skin

  4. The muscles contract to generate heat
• How the body regulates temperature (heat)


  1. Skin detects heat causing the blood vessels to dilate

  2. The heart beats faster sending signal to the brain

  3. The hypothalamus sends signal to the sweat gland

  4. The sweat gland produces sweat in order to cool down
• Glucose Level


  In order to function, the cells require a precise quantity of glucose in the blood
• How the body regulates glucose level

  1. High Blood Sugar Level: Pancreas releases insulin into the liver, Insulin breaks down glycogen in the liver, Decreasing the Blood Sugar Level

  2. Low Blood Sugar Level: Pancreas releases glucagon into the liver, Glucagon breaks down glycogen in the liver, Increasing the Blood Sugar Level
• Water Regulation


  • In order to remove extra salts in solution form, the kidneys make concentrated urine
  • The body refills with more water to compensate for the water loss
• How the body regulates water


  1. Hypothalamus detects shortage of water in blood

  2. Pituitary Gland receives the message from the hypothalamus and releases ADH

  3. The blood travels to the kidney

  4. Kidneys produce low volume of urine and water is reabsorbed in the body
• Plants' Thermoregulation


  • Plants' thermoregulation is influenced by humidity and sunlight availability
  • It has the potential to affect plant growth, metabolism, reproduction, survival, and abundance
• How plants regulate temperature


  1. Heliotropism - plant components move in response to light

  2. Paraheliotropism - plants arrange their leaves parallel to the sun's rays to limit light absorption

  3. Diaheliotropism - when plants are exposed to sunlight, they arrange their leaves perpendicular to the sun's rays, allowing the upper surface of the leaves to get the most light
• Plants' Glucose Level


  Plants regulate glucose in the process by which light energy is converted to chemical energy in order for the plant to make their own food (photosynthesis)
• Plants' Water Regulation


  • Water travels up through the sapwood and into the leaves from the soil
  • The sun warms the water, which evaporates via stomata on the underside of the leaf surface (transpiration)