M3 - Placensia's Customs of the Tagalogs

• Author of Customs of the Tagalogs

  Juan de Plasencia
• Juan de Plasencia was born in the 16th century to the Portocarrero en Plasencia, Extremadura, Spain
• Plasencia was a Spanish Friar of the Franciscan order

  Arrived in the PH in 1577 with Franciscan missionaries.
• Famous works of Plasencia were Doctrina Christiana and Diccionario Tagalog
• Plasencia died in Liliw, Laguna in 1590
• Lead in governance and warfare

  Datu
• Chiefs

  Datu
• Tax-exempt freeborn individuals

  Maharlica
• Nobles

  Maharlica
• Serves their masters after their marriage

  Commoners
• Commoners

  Aliping namamahay
• Serve within households and can be sold

  Slaves
• Slaves

  Aliping sa Guiguilir
• The legal and judicial systems are mainly managed and led by Datu
• As two persons marry each other and eventually have a child, the status of both parents will determine the child’s social status
• Birth order that belongs to the father

  Odd
• Birth order that belongs to the mother

  Even
• Maharlikas cannot transfer after marriage (moving from one village/barangay to another) without paying a certain fine in gold (as arranged).
• Dowries were given and handled by the parents to sons.
• Dowries will be divided among the children after their parents' deaths.
• Those who will receive inheritances will depend on who is considered as legitimate.
• Legitimate children of a father and mother inherited equally
• Children from slave mothers are not compensated
• Adopted children can inherit double what was paid for their adoption, however their own children cannot inherit from the adoptive father. 
• Commonly worshiped, signifies “all powerful” and “maker of all things”

  Bathala
• Has natural beauty, so it’s universally respected and honored by heathens (i.e., heathens are people who does not belong in any religion or does not believe in any god)

  Sun
• Usually at new moon, they held great rejoicing, adoring it and bidding it welcome

  Moon
• Not known by names since Spaniards and other nations know planets; there is one exception which is the morning start called Tala

  Stars
•  “Seven little goats”

  Pleiades
• Change of seasons

  Mapolon
• Greater Bear

  Balatic
• Patron of lovers and generations

  Dian Masalanta
• Patron of cultivated lands and husbandry

  Lacapati and Idianale
• Either man or woman that rule being a general in all islands. He/she is honored by natives

  Catolonan
• Pretend to heal the sick to prolong life or use charm to induce illness for the strength and efficacy of the witchcraft, but it is capable of causing death

  Mangagauay
• Same as previous but for different purposes; they apply remedies to lovers to abandon and hate their wives or prevent them from having an intercourse. Once the woman was abandoned, she will get sick and discharge blood and matter

  Manyisalat
• Emit fire that could not be extinguished from himself at night.

  Mancocolam
• Has greater efficacy than manggagauay because they do not use medicine. They will just salute or raise their hand to kill the target person. On the other hand, they can also easily heal people by using other charms

  Hocloban
• Tear out and eat the liver of anyone wearing white until it dies. No one considers this a fable because they tore out all the intestines of a Spanish notary, who was buried in Calilaya by father Fray Juan de Merida.

  Silagan
• Shows himself at night without head or entrails (i.e., internal organs). It walks while pretending to carry his head while it returns to his body in the morning

  Magtatangal