TH3316 VOCABULARY REVIEW

• 333 BCE


  Alexander the Great begins the Hellenistic era
• 175 BCE


  Antiochus Epiphanes begins bidding war for high priesthood of the Jerusalem temple
• 164 BCE


  Judah Maccabee rededicates the temple and forges alliance with Rome
• Augustine's view of the afterlife:


  the soul separates from the body at death and in the future, there will be a day of physical resurrection where everyone is judged together
• Paul's view of the afterlife


  resurrection of the body- does not mean resurrection of the soul or the glorified body, body will be on a completely physical plane and live forever
• Antiochus Epiphanes


  Seleucid king of the Hellenistic Syrian kingdom who reigned from 175 to 164 BCE
• Canon


  a list of supremely authoritative books to which none can be added and none can be removed
• Circumcision


  acts as an outward physical sign of the eternal covenant between God and the Jewish people
• 1 Maccabees' explanation for suffering


  bad humans do bad things until good humans kill them
• 2 Maccabees' explanation for suffering


  God protects when God wants to, Jews sin, God punishes sin, Jews return to God, God restores protection
• Deuteronomy's explanation of suffering


  God is chastising people for their sins
• Gentiles


  person who is not Jewish
• Gymnasium


  one of the most controversial things that separated Jews from Gentiles in antiquity
• Hasmoneans


  (Judah Maccabees')/ ruling family that runs Palestine with relative independence while navigating between Romans and Seleucids
• Heliodorus


  recorded as being involved in an attempt to tax the Temple in Jerusalem
• Hellenism, Hellenistic Period


  the spread of Greek culture and ideas
• High priesthood


  the chief religious function in the Temple of Jerusalem; unique privilege was to enter the inner sanctum on the Day of Atonement
• Historiography


  story teller
• Judah Maccabee


  Jewish guerilla leader who defended his country from invasion by the Seleucid king Antiochus IV Epiphanes, preventing the imposition of Hellenism upon Judea, and preserving Jewish religion
• Maccabean Revolt


  167-160 BCE; a Jewish uprising against the oppression of the Seleucid empire
• Martyrdom


  voluntary death for God or for a cause
• Natural martyrdom


  for the common good, family, dying to save someone's life
• Supernatural martyrdom


  presumed divine intervention- will be raised from the dead
• Mattathias 


  the father of Judah Maccabee
• Parallelism


  the most basic feature in Hebrew poetry
• Particularism


  the idea that some people are or should be different from everyone else
• Phinehas


  turned the Lord's anger away from the Israelites by killing an Israelite man and a pagan woman
• Prophets in 1 Maccabees


  no longer needed, can rely on the scroll of law (the Bible)
• Prophets in Josephus


  omits cessation of prophecy; still believes that prophecy continues
• Reasons to fight

  virtue is zeal for the law, action is killing other Jews, reward is high priesthood
• Role of God in 1 Maccabees


  a non-interventionist God; characters have general piety but no divine intervention
• Role of God in 2 Maccabees


  omnipresent; flashy miracles- not trying to distance from divine intervention or the idea that God affects the world
• Universalism


  the idea that all people are or should be the same
• Vicarious suffering


  suffering on the behalf of others
• Abyss


  that which is unfathomably deep
• Owner/ Lord of the sheep


  God
• Stars


  Watchers
• White men


  archangels (necessarily pure and good)
• Shepherds


  angels (not necessarily good)
• Cattle


  first humans