Lab Practical Questions

• flow loop patterns

  A) normal

  B) Restrictive

  C) Obstructive

  D) reduced

  E) reduced

  F) concave

  G) rapid

  H) normal

  
• tidal volume

  volume inspired or expired per breath
• inspiratory volume: max inspiration at end of tidal inspiration
• expiratory reserve volume: max expiration at end of tidal expiration
• total lung capacity: volume in lungs after max inspiration
• residual lung capacity: volume in lung after max expiration
• forced vital capacity: max volume expired after max inspiration
• inspiratory capacity: max volume inspired following tidal expiration
• functional residual capacity volume in lungs after tidal expiration
• flow volume loop key terms

  A) inspiration

  B) expired

  C) total

  D) end

  E) forced

  F) expiration

  G) inspired

  H) residual

  
• static lung volumes and capacities

  A) reserve

  B) vital

  C) lung

  D) volume

  E) functional

  
• ECG limb lead placement

  A) 4th

  B) V1

  C) V5

  D) LL(Left Leg)

  E) RA(Right Arm)

  F) V2 & V4

  G) midclavicular

  H) midaxillary

  I) V2

  
• P wave: arterial depolarization (activation of atria)
• QRS wave: atrial repolarization (atria relax) and ventricular depolarization (ventricles activate)
• T wave: ventricular repolarization (ventricles relax)
• an ECG measures heart rate variability analyzing P waves, ORS complexes and T waves
• hypertension stage 1: 130-139/80-89
• Systolic BP: arterial pressure when heart is contracting

  Diastolic BP: arterial pressure when heart is relaxing
• Blood lactate at rest levels: between 1-2mmol/L
• Vo2max primary criteria:

  plateau or reduction in Vo2 despite further increase in workload

  difference between the last 2 workloads being <2mL.kg.min

  if greater 2mL.kg.min use secondary criteria
• Vo2 criteria

  A) Primary

  B) plateau

  
• secondary criteria

  A) blood

  B) 8

  C) 1.15

  D) 10

  E) predicted

  F) 3

  G) buffering lactic acid

  H) max effort

  
• ventilatory threshold

  A) VT1

  B) VT2

  
• ventilatory threshold 1: level of intensity blood lactate accumulation faster than clearance = increased breathing and more CO2 'blown off'
• ventilatory threshold 2: point when lactate increases rapidly with intensity representing hyperventilation, with extra co2 produced
• application of VT1: used as a target HR for determining exercise intensity. can help with training athletes wanting to train at higher intensities
• application VT2: related to performance. if same Vo2, an individual with a higher VT2 will outperform someone with a higher vo2 max. setting training intensity based off VT2 the body can respond and adapt to increased workloads and clear blood lactate more efficiently

  training shifts lactate curve to the right
• lactate threshold 1: lowest intensity which there is a sustained increase in blood lactate above resting
• lactate threshold 2: intensity that causes a rapid increase in blood lactate indicating upper limit between lactate production and clearance
• LT1 and LT2

  A) LT1

  B) LT2

  C) Blood Lactate

  D) exercise

  
• calculating LT1

  A) 0.4

  B) >0.4

  C) LT1

  
• calculating LT2: use the modified d-max method

  A) modified d-max

  B) LT2

  C) greatest distance