Physics: Heat and Temperature

• Explain Thermal Energy

  is combined kinetic energy and potential energy due to the vibration of particles in an object
• Explain Temperature

  measures the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance
• What is used to measure temperature?

  Thermometer
• Explain Heat

  it flows from regions of high temperature to regions of low temperature to regions of low temperature
• What happens when two objects are at the same temperature?

  -There will be no heat flow, this is called thermal equilibrium.
• What are the 3 different types of heat transfer?


  -Conduction

  -Convection

  -Radiation
• What is conduction?


  is the transfer of thermal energy between two objects in contact via particle collisions (i.e without transfer of matter).
• What is convection?


  is the transfer of thermal energy through fluid via movement of particles.
• What is radiation

  is the transfer of thermal energy by electromagnetic waves.
• What are very poor conductors called?

  Insulators
• What is the difference between heat, temperature, and thermal energy?

  Heat: energy transfer due to temperature difference. Temperature: measure of average kinetic energy of particles. Thermal energy: total kinetic energy of particles in a substance.
• What is specific heat capacity?

  amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by a certain amount.
• How many types of heat transfers are there?

  Three
• What heat transfer is the only form of heat transfer that can occur through a vacuum

  Radiation
• Define Evaporation

  Few particles with sufficient kinetic energy can escape, even though the average kinetic energy is below the boiling point.
• Define Boiling

  All particles have sufficient energy become gaseous.
• What is the difference between boiling and evaporation

  Boiling occurs at a specific temperature throughout the entire liquid with visible bubbling.

  Evaporation is a slower process that occurs at the surface of the liquid at any temperature below the boiling point.
• What is sublimation


  when a solid is heated at a low enough pressure that a liquid state is possible.
• what is deposition


  when a gas is cooled at a low enough pressure that a liquid state is impossible.