chart of government debts, partly because of the devastating earthquake and tsunami of March 2011, the worst natural disaster in the country's history. However, it is common for LEDCs to pay more for financing their public debts, partly due to the high interest rates imposed and partly due to a fall in the value of their currency. This makes repayment of public debt increasingly unsustainable for LEDCs, leading to further borrowing, ever-increasing debts and widespread poverty.
Any expansionary policy, such as lower taxes or lower interest rate, can encourage consumer spending and investment expenditure in the economy
Lower exchange rate can encourage export sales as the price for foreign buyers is lower
Sustained economic growth helps to create more income and wealth for the country, which can then be redistributed to the deprived and underprivileged members of society
Government provision of education can help to alleviate poverty by improving access to education for everyone, which narrows the gap between the rich and the poor
Policies to increase the quantity and quality of education in the economy will help to improve the human capital and productive capacity of the country, thereby creating economic growth and lowering poverty
Provision of and increased access to other essential services, such as healthcare and housing, will also help
Progressive tax systems reduce the gap between the rich and poor members of a country
Higher-income groups pay a higher percentage of their incomes in tax, with the tax proceeds being used by the government to support lower-income groups or those without any income
The natural change in population is the difference between the birth rate and the death rate. If birth rate exceeds death rate, there is a natural increase in population.
People migrate for different reasons, such as in search of better job opportunities, to take advantage of lower taxes, or to avoid civil unrest in the home country
A country does not have sufficient labour to make the best use of its resources, so GDP per head of the population could be increased if there were more human resources
A country is too large, given the available resources, leading to negative economic consequences such as famine, housing shortages, energy shortages and diseases