Module 11 Study Guide

• what type of immune cell are neutrophils?

  phagocytes
• what do cytokines do?

  recruit T cells
• what is the purpose of t-lymphocytes?

  regulate immune system and manage infected host cells
• what do natural killer cells do?

  bind igG antibody
• what are the 5 types of antimicrobial secretions?

  • lysozyme
  • basic proteins
  • peroxidase
  • lactoferrin and transferrin
  • fibronection
• lysozyme: bacterial cell lysis
• basic proteins: disrupt bacterial membranes
• peroxidase: kill cells
• lactoferrin and transferrin: inhibit bacterial growth by binding iron
• fibronection: bind bacteria and assist in opsonization
• what cell secretes cytokines?

  macrophages
• what does il-1 cytokine do?

  activates inflammation
• what does il-12 cytokine do?

  activate natural killer cells
• what does interferon y cytokine do?

  activate macrophages
• how does complement kill microorganisms?

  • induces inflammatory response (c3a and c5a)
  • make opsins (c3b)
  • form membrane attack complex (c5b, c6-c9)
• how is the classical complement pathway activated?

  antibody binding forms c1 complex
• what is the outcome of the mb lectin complement pathway?

  imitate c1 complex and form complex with c2
• what causes swelling in inflammation?

  gaps between capillary cells
• what attracts phagocytes?

  • f-met terminal aminos
  • chemical attractants
  • mediators of inflammation (released when mast cells detect MAMPs and DAMPs)
• what do opsins do?

  enhance phagocyte binding
• how do phagocytes kill microorganisms?

  1. encircle in phagosome
  2. form phagolysozome
  3. intracellular killing
• what immune cells have pattern recognition receptors?

  • phagocytes
  • dendritic cells
  • epithelial cells
  • endothelial cells
  • lymphocytes
• what is the role of pattern recognition receptors?


  recognize MAMPs, invaders of host cell
• what do pattern recognition receptors react to?

  • bacterial peptidoglycan
  • lipoprotein
  • lipotechoic acid
  • viral envelope proteins
• what is a MAMP?

  macromolecule specific to microbes
• when do MAMPs induce inflammation?

  when bind to macrophage receptor
• what is the role of dendritic cells?


  provide antigens to MHC 2 molecules to present to TH cells
• what is the role of macrophages?

  save material to make antigens
• what are B cells activated by?

  antigen binding
• what are the 2 steps of T cell activation?

  1. MHC 2 and T cell receptor binding
  2. B7-2 (antigen presenting cell membrane protein) and CD28 T cell receptor binding
• antibodies are part of complement activation
• how do T cells sense a host cell is infected?

  T-cell receptor binds to MHC with antigen from antigen presenting cell
• how do T cells interact with MHC 1 molecules?

  MHC 1 bind to peptides inside cell and signal to CD8+ cells
• how do T cells interact with MHC 2 molecules?

  MHC2 bind antigens outside cell, signal to TH cells
• what are the 3 types of CD4+ cells?

  1. T supressor
  2. TH1: regulate T cells
  3. TH2: regulate B cells
• what is a CD8+ T cell?

  cytotoxic T cell: attack infected cells
• what is the first testing step in T and B cell maturation?

  test for bad binding or receptors
• what is the second testing step in T and B cell maturation?

  test for binding to self-antigen or too strong binding
• what is igA antibody function?

  secretory
• what is igG antibody function?

  secondary response