nurmic finals

• What is the main characteristic feature of Gram-positive bacteria?

  1. They have a thick peptidoglycan layer in their cell wall
  2. They have a thin peptidoglycan layer in their cell wall
  3. They lack a cell wall
  4. They have an outer membrane in their cell wall

  They have a thick peptidoglycan layer in their cell wall.
• Which of the following bacteria is NOT Gram-positive?

  1. Staphylococcus aureus
  2. Escherichia coli
  3. Bacillus subtilis
  4. Streptococcus pyogenes

  Escherichia coli
• Which genus of bacteria forms endospores?

  1. Streptococcus
  2. Bacillus
  3. Staphylococcus
  4. Lactobacillus

  Bacillus
• Which of the following is a Gram-positive, anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium?

  1. Clostridium difficile
  2. Escherichia coli
  3. Salmonella enterica
  4. Klebsiella pneumoniae

  Clostridium difficile
• Which Gram-positive bacterium is known for causing food poisoning due to its ability to produce toxins in food?

  1. Listeria monocytogenes
  2. Clostridium botulinum
  3. Bacillus cereus
  4. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

  Bacillus cereus
• Which of the following bacteria is commonly associated with skin infections and can cause conditions like impetigo and cellulitis?

  1. Staphylococcus aureus
  2. Listeria monocytogenes
  3. Clostridium difficile
  4. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

  Staphylococcus aureus
• Which Gram-positive bacteria is responsible for causing strep throat?

  1. Staphylococcus aureus
  2. Streptococcus pyogenes
  3. Bacillus anthracis
  4. Clostridium tetani

  Streptococcus pyogenes
• Which Gram-positive bacteria is known for causing dental cavities?

  1. Streptococcus mutans
  2. Clostridium botulinum
  3. Lactobacillus acidophilus
  4. Enterococcus faecalis

  Streptococcus mutans
• Which Gram-positive bacteria can form chains and is commonly found in the respiratory tract?

  1. Staphylococcus aureus
  2. Clostridium perfringens
  3. Streptococcus pneumoniae
  4. Bacillus anthracis

  Streptococcus pneumoniae
• Which Gram-positive bacterium is responsible for causing pneumonia and meningitis?

  1. Staphylococcus aureus
  2. Streptococcus pneumoniae
  3. Bacillus anthracis
  4. Listeria monocytogenes

  Streptococcus pneumoniae
• Which Gram-positive bacteria is used in the production of yogurt and cheese?

  1. Streptococcus pyogenes
  2. Lactobacillus acidophilus
  3. Clostridium botulinum
  4. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

  Lactobacillus acidophilus
• Which of the following Gram-positive bacteria is known for forming endospores, making it resistant to extreme conditions?

  1. Streptococcus mutans
  2. Bacillus anthracis
  3. Enterococcus faecalis
  4. Listeria monocytogenes

  Bacillus anthracis
• What color do Gram-positive bacteria stain after the Gram staining procedure?

  1. Purple
  2. Pink
  3. Red
  4. Green

  Purple
• Which Gram-positive bacterium is commonly associated with skin infections, such as boils and abscesses?

  1. Streptococcus pneumoniae
  2. Staphylococcus aureus
  3. Listeria monocytogenes
  4. Clostridium perfringens

  Staphylococcus aureus
• Which Gram-positive bacterium is used in the production of antibiotics like penicillin?

  1. Streptococcus pyogenes
  2. Lactobacillus acidophilus
  3. Bacillus subtilis
  4. Penicillium chrysogenum

  Bacillus subtilis
• Which Gram-positive bacterium is commonly found in the gut and can cause infections such as urinary tract infections and endocarditis?

  1. Staphylococcus aureus
  2. Clostridium difficile
  3. Enterococcus faecalis
  4. Streptococcus mutans

  Enterococcus faecalis
• Which Gram-positive bacterium is responsible for causing tuberculosis?

  1. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
  2. Streptococcus pyogenes
  3. Bacillus anthracis
  4. Clostridium botulinum

  Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• Which Gram-positive bacterium is used in the production of certain types of cheese?

  1. Lactobacillus acidophilus
  2. Streptococcus mutans
  3. Bacillus cereus
  4. Lactococcus lactis

  Lactococcus lactis
• What distinguishes Gram-positive bacteria from Gram-negative bacteria?

  1. Presence of an outer membrane
  2. Presence of a thick peptidoglycan layer in the cell wall
  3. Presence of flagella
  4. Lack of a cell wall

  Presence of a thick peptidoglycan layer in the cell wall.
• Which Gram-positive bacterium forms clusters resembling grapes when viewed under a microscope?

  1. Bacillus anthracis
  2. Streptococcus pyogenes
  3. Staphylococcus aureus
  4. Clostridium botulinum

  Staphylococcus aureus
• What color do Gram-negative bacteria appear after Gram staining?

  1. Purple
  2. Pink
  3. Red
  4. Blue

  Pink
• Which of the following structures characterizes Gram-negative bacteria?

  1. Thick peptidoglycan layer in the cell wall
  2. Thin peptidoglycan layer in the cell wall
  3. Lipoteichoic acid in the cell wall
  4. Capsule surrounding the cell wall

  Thin peptidoglycan layer in the cell wall.
• Which of the following bacteria is NOT Gram-negative?

  1. Escherichia coli
  2. Salmonella typhimurium
  3. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
  4. Staphylococcus aureus

  Staphylococcus aureus
• Which Gram-negative bacterium is commonly associated with causing pneumonia in individuals with compromised immune systems?

  1. Escherichia coli
  2. Klebsiella pneumoniae
  3. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  4. Haemophilus influenzae

  Klebsiella pneumoniae
• Which Gram-negative bacterium is known for causing stomach ulcers?

  1. Helicobacter pylori
  2. Escherichia coli
  3. Vibrio cholerae
  4. Legionella pneumophila

  Helicobacter pylori
• Which of the following structures is characteristic of Gram-negative bacteria?

  1. Thick peptidoglycan layer in the cell wall
  2. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) layer in the outer membrane
  3. Teichoic acid in the cell wall
  4. Capsule surrounding the cell wall

  Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) layer in the outer membrane.
• Which Gram-negative bacterium is commonly associated with causing urinary tract infections?

  1. Escherichia coli
  2. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
  3. Haemophilus influenzae
  4. Vibrio cholerae

  Escherichia coli
• Which Gram-negative bacterium is responsible for causing the bubonic plague?

  1. Yersinia pestis
  2. Helicobacter pylori
  3. Bordetella pertussis
  4. Legionella pneumophila

  Yersinia pestis
• What is the primary structural feature that distinguishes Gram-negative bacteria from Gram-positive bacteria?

  1. Presence of an outer membrane
  2. Presence of teichoic acid in the cell wall
  3. Presence of a thick peptidoglycan layer
  4. Lack of a cell wall

  Presence of an outer membrane.
• Which Gram-negative bacterium is commonly associated with causing pneumonia in individuals with cystic fibrosis?

  1. Escherichia coli
  2. Haemophilus influenza
  3. Klebsiella pneumoniae
  4. Legionella pneumophila


  Haemophilus influenzae
• Which Gram-negative bacterium is responsible for causing foodborne illness associated with contaminated water and seafood?

  1. Vibrio cholerae
  2. Campylobacter jejuni
  3. Shigella dysenteriae
  4. Helicobacter pylori

  Vibrio cholerae
• Which Gram-negative bacterium is commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract and can cause opportunistic infections in immunocompromised individuals?

  1. Escherichia coli
  2. Acinetobacter baumannii
  3. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  4. Proteus mirabilis

  Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Which Gram-negative bacterium is responsible for causing whooping cough?

  1. Bordetella pertussis
  2. Legionella pneumophila
  3. Helicobacter pylori
  4. Yersinia pestis

  Bordetella pertussis
• Which Gram-negative bacterium is responsible for causing the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea?

  1. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
  2. Bordetella pertussis
  3. Legionella pneumophila
  4. Escherichia coli

  Neisseria gonorrhoeae
• Which Gram-negative bacterium is commonly associated with causing pneumonia in individuals with compromised immune systems?

  1. Escherichia coli
  2. Klebsiella pneumoniae
  3. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  4. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

  Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Which Gram-negative bacterium is responsible for causing Lyme disease?

  1. Borrelia burgdorferi
  2. Helicobacter pylori
  3. Legionella pneumophila
  4. Campylobacter jejuni

  Borrelia burgdorferi
• Which Gram-negative bacterium is responsible for causing cholera?

  1. Vibrio cholerae
  2. Salmonella typhi
  3. Escherichia coli
  4. Helicobacter pylori

  Vibrio cholerae
• Which Gram-negative bacterium is a common cause of food poisoning from contaminated poultry and eggs?

  1. Escherichia coli
  2. Salmonella enteritidis
  3. Vibrio cholerae
  4. Helicobacter pylori

  Salmonella enteritidis
• Which Gram-negative bacterium is responsible for causing the sexually transmitted infection known as chlamydia?

  1. Chlamydia trachomatis
  2. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
  3. Treponema pallidum
  4. Haemophilus ducreyi

  Chlamydia trachomatis
• Which Gram-negative bacterium is responsible for causing typhoid fever?

  1. Escherichia coli
  2. Salmonella typhi
  3. Shigella dysenteriae
  4. Haemophilus influenzae

  Salmonella typhi