Michael Porter pioneered the concept of value chain in his 1985 book "Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance." He used this concept to show businesses add value to their raw materials to produce products that finally sold to the market. There are five steps in the value chain process, which allows a company to have a competitive strength over other competitors. Inbound Logistics: Deals with receiving, storing and inventory control. 2. Operations: Value-creating activities that convert inputs into finished products such as assembly and manufacturing. 3. Outbound Logistics: Activities concerned with the collection, storage, and distribution of finished product or service to customers. 4. Marketing and Sales: Involve activities that associated among the general consumers or buyers to purchase a product. 5. Service: Activities that maintain and enhance the value of the product, such as customer care and warranty package.