MIGRATION comes from Latin "migrare" meaning to move from one place to another.
Migration is connected to a range of societal issues: LABOR, DEMOGRAPHICS, and ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
People who move from one place to another are called MIGRANTS.
There are 3 types of Migration: INTERNATIONAL, INTERNAL, and FORCED.
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION - ones change if residence beyond a country's national boundaries.
INTERNAL MIGRATION - ones change of residence only within a country's states, provinces, cities, and municipality.
FORCED MIGRATION - when one is forced to move out due to external factors like war or natural disasters.
There 5 classifications of migration based on direction of movement: EMIGRATION, IMMIGRATION, CIRCULAR, TRANSIT, and RETURN.
EMIGRATION is the act of leaving the place of residence from the perspective of the home county.
IMMIGRATION is the act of entering a foreign country from the perspective of the host country.
TRANSIT MIGRATION is moving across a country without the intent to settle, but to move further to a different country.
CIRCULAR MIGRATION moving from a country to move to another country with the intention of going back to the place of origin within a specific timeframe.
RETURN MIGRATION refers to returning to settle after living in a foreign country.
There are 5 classifications of migration based on duration: TEMPORARY, PERMANENT, UNDETERMINED, CONTRACT, and SEASONAL.
TEMPORARY MIGRATION is when a person's stay in a foreign country is limited in duration.
PERMANENT MIGRATION is when a person's stay in a foreign country is permanent.
UNDETERMINED MIGRATION is when a person's stay is unspecified of undetermined in terms of duration.
CONTRACT MIGRATION is when the length of stay depends on the duration as stipulated in the employment contract.
SEASONAL MIGRATION is when the duration is less than a year and repeated over a period of time.
EMIGRANT is a person who leaves their home country to live in a foreign country.
IMMIGRANT is a person who enters a foreign country to settle.
REFUGEE is a person who moves to a foreign country due to serious risks like war, persecution, and violence.
There are 4 reasons why people migrate: ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, SOCIAL and ENVIRONMENTAL.
ECONOMIC - transfers for job opportunities.
SOCIAL - moves to be with loved ones or family.
POLITICAL - due to difficult conditions (e.g. negative political climate or war).
ENVIRONMENTAL - due to risks of natural disasters (e.g. floods and earthquakes).
PUSH FACTORS make people depart from home country.
PULL FACTORS encourage people to move towards a host country.
MIGRANT WORKERS are people who migrate for the sole purpose of employment or work.
Migrant workers include INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS who may be currently employed, unemployed, or seeking for employment in their chosen country of residence.
LABOR is any amount of effort used to provide services or goods for economic growth,
LABORERS use their skills to provide services or transfer raw materials into goods and get wages or salary in return.
There are 4 categories of labor: UNSKILLED, SEMI-SKILLED, SKILLED, and PROFESSIONAL.
UNSKILLED consists of jobs that do not require formal training.
SEMI-SKILLED requires various forms of training as required by the job.
SKILLED requires specialized training to attain specific skills needed for employment.
PROFESSIONAL includes jobs that require the highest level of education, training, and managerial skills.
There are 2 types of Labor Migration: HIGHLY-SKILLED LABOR MIGRATION and UNSKILLED LOW WAGE LABOR AND TEMPORARY MIGRATION.
HIGHLY-SKILLED LABOR MIGRATION refers to migrants in demand due to their level often in education, often in the professional field.