MIGRATION & LABOR

• MIGRATION comes from Latin "migrare" meaning to move from one place to another.
• Migration is connected to a range of societal issues: LABOR, DEMOGRAPHICS, and ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
• People who move from one place to another are called MIGRANTS.
• There are 3 types of Migration: INTERNATIONAL, INTERNAL, and FORCED.
• INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION - ones change if residence beyond a country's national boundaries.
• INTERNAL MIGRATION - ones change of residence only within a country's states, provinces, cities, and municipality.
• FORCED MIGRATION - when one is forced to move out due to external factors like war or natural disasters.
• There 5 classifications of migration based on direction of movement: EMIGRATION, IMMIGRATION, CIRCULAR, TRANSIT, and RETURN.
• EMIGRATION is the act of leaving the place of residence from the perspective of the home county.
• IMMIGRATION is the act of entering a foreign country from the perspective of the host country.
• TRANSIT MIGRATION is moving across a country without the intent to settle, but to move further to a different country.
• CIRCULAR MIGRATION moving from a country to move to another country with the intention of going back to the place of origin within a specific timeframe.
• RETURN MIGRATION refers to returning to settle after living in a foreign country.
• There are 5 classifications of migration based on duration: TEMPORARY, PERMANENT, UNDETERMINED, CONTRACT, and SEASONAL.
• TEMPORARY MIGRATION is when a person's stay in a foreign country is limited in duration.
• PERMANENT MIGRATION is when a person's stay in a foreign country is permanent.
• UNDETERMINED MIGRATION is when a person's stay is unspecified of undetermined in terms of duration.
• CONTRACT MIGRATION is when the length of stay depends on the duration as stipulated in the employment contract.
• SEASONAL MIGRATION is when the duration is less than a year and repeated over a period of time.
• EMIGRANT is a person who leaves their home country to live in a foreign country.
• IMMIGRANT is a person who enters a foreign country to settle.
• REFUGEE is a person who moves to a foreign country due to serious risks like war, persecution, and violence.
• There are 4 reasons why people migrate: ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, SOCIAL and ENVIRONMENTAL.
• ECONOMIC - transfers for job opportunities.
• SOCIAL - moves to be with loved ones or family.
• POLITICAL - due to difficult conditions (e.g. negative political climate or war).
• ENVIRONMENTAL - due to risks of natural disasters (e.g. floods and earthquakes).
• PUSH FACTORS make people depart from home country.
• PULL FACTORS encourage people to move towards a host country.
• MIGRANT WORKERS are people who migrate for the sole purpose of employment or work.
• Migrant workers include INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS who may be currently employed, unemployed, or seeking for employment in their chosen country of residence.
• LABOR is any amount of effort used to provide services or goods for economic growth,
• LABORERS use their skills to provide services or transfer raw materials into goods and get wages or salary in return.
• There are 4 categories of labor: UNSKILLED, SEMI-SKILLED, SKILLED, and PROFESSIONAL.
• UNSKILLED consists of jobs that do not require formal training.
• SEMI-SKILLED requires various forms of training as required by the job.
• SKILLED requires specialized training to attain specific skills needed for employment.
• PROFESSIONAL includes jobs that require the highest level of education, training, and managerial skills.
• There are 2 types of Labor Migration: HIGHLY-SKILLED LABOR MIGRATION and UNSKILLED LOW WAGE LABOR AND TEMPORARY MIGRATION.
• HIGHLY-SKILLED LABOR MIGRATION refers to migrants in demand due to their level often in education, often in the professional field.