History015

• Mandate of Heaven


  The idea that there could be only one legitimate ruler of China at a time and that this ruler had the blessing of the gods
• Three Teachings


  • Hinduism - one's good being Dowiusm - similar to Buddhist but emphasizes balance and all things should be connected with the world around us
  • Confucianism - encourages one elder, duties to ancestors, privileges the old above the young
• Zheng He


  A man born in China, raised in the army, and rose the ranks to become a general and voyage across the known land to spread China's glory and collect tribute
• The basic life is how the people living near a river next to the ocean allow ships in. They can grow a lot of rice thanks to the rich soil, and big cities are being created that give opportunities for trade and growth as well as a diverse culture.
• The Ming followed the dynastic empire where a family was in charge and an emperor was making the decisions. They are also called the Mandate of Heaven whose job is not only to run their empire of people but to keep balance with the cosmic forces between both worlds. They also have the 3 teachings known as Buddhism, Daoism, and Confucianism.
• Zheng He


  • He is loyal because they cut his balls off
  • His purpose given to him by the Ming is to build a massive fleet of ships and travel the Indian Ocean to send the message that China is the most powerful
  • Make the foreigner pay tribute and maybe instill fear
  • When he reached South America, he turned back home because they had everything to sustain themselves
• Tenochtitlan


  A massive city built in the valley of Mexico where the Aztecs live
• Teotl


  The spiritual belief of a substance known as the life force where the Aztecs would perform rituals to keep it flowing and balanced to not end the world
• The valley has 5 lakes with agriculture being able to grow not just from land but floating in the water. Cities and temples are built near the lakes and almost a million people live there.
• According to the story they came from ASztlan being forced away either by thieves, competition, or natural disasters. The great migration began as they traveled south and found refuge in the Valley of Mexico. After Resting and fathering resources they built a massive city known as Tenchitlan with the main temple in the center and buildings surrounding it.
• The human body is believed to have a life force inside that flows to keep us alive which is a stand-in for our blood vessels moving through our body. They believe the cosmos works the same and must keep flowing otherwise if it stops then the end of the world will come. So they created a ritual that sacrifices humans to keep this cosmic power flowing and maintained.
• Dhimmi


  In this system, non-Muslim subjects are guaranteed freedom and in exchange, they are asked to pay a tax
• Mehmed II


  Threatened Europe and sat in 1451 to march out to Constantinople
• Silk Road


  Connecting East Asia to the eastern coast of the Mediterranean
• The Mediterranean world was used for trading with all sorts of roots coasted out, had a wealthy trading community, and was the 2nd most prosperous trading area in the world. People were living much closer to the environment and it mattered that these places were fruitful.
• Ottoman society occupied the Middle East and was more tolerant of how women were hosted to many rights that were denied in Christianity. They had the Dhimmi system - a minority religion that was granted protection and keeps the peace.
• Constantinople was the last Christian city on the Silk Road and the only reliable way for people all across the Mediterranean to have access to the goods they traded. Its surrender in 1453 had a major impact on the broader Mediterranean world.
• Dum diversas (1452)


  Licensing enslavement of all nonchristian people
• Madeira


  An island located on the northern coast of Africa - began experimenting agriculture with by growing goods. Sugar is what they were producing and it became very successful.
• Mansa Musa


  Emperor - Muslim king - islamic influencing - he was wealthy
• Trade routes connecting northern Arica to the Silk Road, with regions belonging to the Muslim empire benefiting from those trade routes. Later Eastern Africa was able to connect to the Indian Ocean trade route.
• Portuguese explorers sailed south along the coast of Africa in search of wealth, a route to the Indian Ocean to save them from paying taxes to the Ottoman Empire, and to find Prester John (who did not exist).
• The growth of sugar production on Madeira laid the groundwork for the development of the Atlantic slave trade, as the Portuguese turned to African kingdoms for enslaved labor to work the plantations.
• La Noche Triste


  Montezuma died - was standing in a window and was trying to tell his people to help him and someone hit him in the head and died. Noche Trieste - Cortez and his man were chased out of Technotlian and it was a rush left with no illusions of challenging the Aztecs.
• Malintzin


  Referred to as Dona Maria - an indigenous woman - sold to Cortez to be a slave - portrayed as a betrayal and evil and was a victim. She was one of the few people who could speak Nahuatl and Spanish.
• Treaty of Tordesillas


  Drew a line right down the middle of the Atlantic and everything to the west well belong to Spain and east of the line would belong to Portugal, This was under Pop Alexander saying
• Columbus sailed west across the Atlantic in 1492 in search of gold, God, and glory, as well as to find a new trade route around the Silk Road.
• The Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) was a treaty between Spain and Portugal, mediated by the Pope, to divide up the newly discovered lands. Spain got the western side and Portugal got the eastern side. Portugal was happier with their beneficial side.
• The Spanish were ultimately able to overcome the Aztec empire through a combination of strategies, including kidnapping Montezuma.
• Great Dying


  The massive depopulation of the Americas following European contact
• Revenge of the Americas


  The global cooling and environmental changes that followed the Columbian Exchange
• The Columbian Exchange improved the European diet by introducing new foods like potatoes, corn, and beans, but also had devastating effects through the spread of disease.
• The Great Dying, caused by the spread of disease, led to global cooling and a decrease in carbon dioxide levels.
• European ideas about cannibalism shaped perceptions and treatment of indigenous peoples in the Atlantic world.
• Casado


  A system in Goa where the authorities married European men to local non-Christian women to convert them to Christianity
• Gunpowder empire


  An early modern empire that made extensive use of gunpowder weapons
• Society of Jesus


  A Catholic religious order founded in the 16th century
• The early modern "gunpowder empires" were large, centralized states that made extensive use of gunpowder weapons.
• Religious divisions in Eurasia, such as between Catholics and Protestants, shaped world history during the 16th century.
• European experiences in South and East Asia differed from their encounters in the Americas, with the former involving more established civilizations and trade networks.