Chapter 3

• Cell - Structural and functional units of living organism
• HANS & ZACHARIAS JANSSEN - Produced first microscope (2 lenses)
• ROBERT HOOKE - First to observe plant cells by examining the section of the cork
• ROBERT BROWN - First observed the nucleus in hairs and other cells of orchids
• MATTHIAS SCHLEIDEN - Stated that plants were composed of cells
• THEODOR SCHWANN - States that animals were composed of cells
• Cell Theory:

  States that the bodies of plants and

  membrane animals are composed of cells and their products and these ____ came from pre-existing cells
• WATSON & CRICK - First to observed DNA molecule
• RUDOLF VIRCHOW - Developed the idea of generation continuity of cells that is Omnis cellula e cellula
• Omnis cellula e cellula - arise from pre-existing cells
• ANTON Y VAN LEEUWENHOEK - Introduced the microscope (1 lens) and first to observe single-celled organisms under the microscope
• JOHANNES PURKINJE - Coined the term protoplasm
• Protoplasm - the term for nucleoplasm + cytoplasm and is the living part of the cell
• Cell Wall - Outermost part of the cell
• Parts of Cell Wall:

  • Middle Lamella or Intercellular Layer
  • Primary Walla
  • Secondary Wall
  • Pits
• Middle Lamella or Intercellular Layer - Holds the cells together Abd is made up of pectic substances
• Pectin - functions as cementing material between adjacent cells (Middle Lamella or Intercellular Layer)
• Primary wall - mainly composed of cellulose
• Cutin - a fatty material usually found as a layer (primary wall)
• cuticle - on outer walls of cells forming the exterior surfaces of land plants (primary wall)
• Cuticle - is impermeable to water and protect leaves and stems against water loss (primary wall)
• Secondary wall - Between primary wall and protoplasm and is thicker than the primary wall
• Lignin - with ___ in woody structure of secondary wall
• suberin - with ____ in cork cells of secondary wall
• Pits - Region in the cell wall in which no secondary wall and deposited where water and other dissolved substance diffused from cell to cell
• Plasmodesmata - Pores through which strands of cytoplasm extend from one cell to another
• Plasmodesmata - Facilitating the transfer of materials and impulses
• 1. Pectin
  2. Cellulose Microfibril
  3. Hemicellulose
  4. Middle Lamella
  5. Primary Cell Wall
  6. Plasma Membrane

  
• Protoplasm - Living part of the cell
• Main Parts of Protoplasm:

  1. Cell Membrane/ Plasmalemma
  2. Cytoplasm
  3. Nucleus
• Cell membrane or Plasmalemma - Made up of two layers phospholipids with embedded proteins in between
• Cytoplasm - where most of the cell's chemical reactions take place
• Endoplasmic Reticulum - System of extensive flattened vesicles that form branched, interconnected, closed systems and also forms the intercellular transport
• ROUGH ER - With ribosomes
• SMOOTH ER - Without ribosomes
• Golgi Bodies - Series of stacked discs, each composed of a flattened sac bounded by two membranes with small globular bodies or vesicles around the edges of these disc
• Microbodies - Smallest single membrane-bounded organelles
• SOGAERISINES - Plant lysosomes
• PEROXISOMES - Contains enzymes for peroxide formation and destruction and isolated from leaves; associated w/ photosynthesis in plants
• GLYOXYSOMES - Largest microbody