RWS MIDTERMS

• text

   the original words and form of a written or printed work; the main body of printed or written matter on a page
• discourse

  verbal interchange of ideas specially a conversation; connected speech or writing
• connected discourse

  when certain symbols such as letters of the alphabet combine in a certain way to make certain words combine into phrases into sentences, paragraphs, compositions
• speaking

  -relies on spontaneity; unplanned

  -can use both verbal and non-verbal cues to elicit reactions

  offers immediate feedback

  -usually informal and repetitive
• writing

  -planned; can be changed through editing and revision

  -relies on written words to convey meaning

  -has delayed response or none at all

  -formal and compact
• writing skills 


  the ones most often used by teachers to gauge the learner's language proficiency level
• speech


  public and more often an issue of confidence, whereas, writing, because it is in black and white, reflects the learner's level more accurately
• skimming


  quickly reading a text to get only its main idea
• scanning 


  searching specific phrases in the text to answer some questions; keyword
• context clues


  clues that help you understand the meaning of a word based on its context
• synonyms


  includes a repetition of an idea expressed in familiar words nearby
• definition


  use of "that is", "i.e", commas, dashes, and parenthesis
• antonyms


  "although", "however", and "but" may signal contrast or antonyms clues
• explanation


  example; including "such as" and "for example" point these out
• word parts (affixes)


  prefixes and suffixes
• close reading 


  analysis of a text, understanding of the text's form, opposite of speed reading
• cubing 


  examining viewpoints
• freewriting


  unlimited ideas
• listing 


  things associated with the topic
• mapping


  write ideas and map their connections
• researching


  discovering facts by investigation
• problem


  supposed to brainstorm about
• suggestions


  things, concepts, ideas, that you wish to contribute
• graphic organizer

  visual representations
• visual representations


  they usually take the form of tables, graphs, and chart
• structurally arranged 


  helps compartmentalize the data you have
• discourse elements


  vital information
• GO 


  -pedagogical tool that uses visual symbols to express knowledge and concepts

  -aims to provide visual aid
• table


  simplest and most widely utilized GO
• venn diagram


  to compare and contrasting data
• cause and effect (fishbone diagram)


  list of causes associated with special effect
• cycle


  describes how a series of events interact as a set of results repeatedly
• plot diagram


  used to map events in the story and analize major parts of the plot
• concept map


  depicts suggested relationship between concepts
• flowchart


  used to show the chronology of events in a narrative or stages in a process
• topic outline


  outlining organizes information in a neat list, depending on your specific need for the information you just arranged
• outline 


  generally defined as a group of information structured in an organalized list