PSYCHSTATS

• is the sequence of conducting studies that collect, organize, summarize, analyze, and, draw conclusions from a given data.

  Statistics
• is the collection and organization of data

  Descriptive Statistics
• consists of generalizing from samples to populations performing hypothesis testing, determining the relationships among variables, and making predictions.

  Inferential statistics
• refers to the groups or aggregates of people, objects, materials, events, or things of any form

  Population (Parameter)
• is a subgroup or a portion of the population

  Sample (Estimates)
• is a characteristic that takes two or more variables that vary across individuals.

  Variables
• two types of variables

  Quantitative Variables & Qualitative Variables
• represent differences in quality, character, or kind but not in amount. Non-numerical. Ex. Sex, Eye color, Skin color, etc.

  Qualitative Variables
• are numerical in nature and can be ordered and ranked. Ex. Age, Weight, Height, Temperature, etc.

  Quantitative Variables
• Classification of a Quantitative Variables

  Discrete or Continuous
• It is a variable whose values can be counted using integral values. No decimals and should be written as a whole.

  Discrete Quantitative Variables.
• It is a variable that can be assumed to have any numerical value over an interval. It can be in decimal and something that can be measured.

  Continous Quantitative Variable
• Are raw material which the statistician works

  Data
• is the person who collects the information or the one who prepares analysis and the interpretations

  Statistician
• Four Scales - Levels of Measurements

  Nominal Level, Ordinal Level, Interval Level, & Ratio Level
• use numbers to identify name or membership in a group or category. Non-numerical and cannot be ranked. Ex: Gender, Sex, Religion, Civil Status

  Nominal Level
• connote ranking or inequalities. Ex: Social Class

  Ordinal Level
• Indicate the actual amount and there is an equal unit of measurement separating each score specifically equal intervals. No ABSOLUTE ZERO Ex: Temperature, IQ Test

  Interval Level
• Has an absolute zero. Example: Election Vote, Speed, Age, Weight, Scores, Length, Height, and Time

  Ratio Level
• is a sampling method that gives everyone in the population a fair chance to be chosen for the study.

  Probability Sampling
• Each element of the population has an equal chance of being taken into the sample.

  Simple Random Sampling
• is a sampling method that requires selecting based on a system of intervals in a numbered population.

  Systematic Random Sampling
• is a technique of dividing a population into groups, called STRATA, and sampling is done in each STRATUM.

  Stratified Random Sampling
• a probability sampling method in which you divide a population into clusters, such as districts or schools, and then randomly select some of these clusters as your sample.

  Cluster Random Sampling
• It is a sampling in various stages until the desired sampling units are obtained. It is used in studies that cover a wide geographical area or substantially large population.

  Multi-Stage Random Sampling
• a sampling method of getting samples from a population where some members of the population do not have an equal chance of being selected in the study.

  Non-probability Sampling
• is a method where units are selected for inclusion in the sample because they are the easiest for the researchers to access.

  Convenience Sampling
• it is a technique of choosing sampling units from a given population that have a specific characteristic.

  Purposive Sampling
• Is a sampling method that researchers apply when the subjects are difficult to trace.

  Snowball Sampling
• Is a technique in which the sample members are chosen only based on the researcher's knowledge and judgment.

  Judgement Sampling
• is the average of a set of numbers, calculated by adding all the numbers together and then dividing by the total count

  Mean
• is the middle number in a sorted list of numbers

  Median
• is the number that appears most frequently in a set of numbers

  Mode
• is the graph that displays the data by using contiguous vertical bars to represent the frequencies of the classes.

  Histogram
• is a graph that displays the data by using lines that connect points plotted for the frequencies at the midpoint of the classes.

  Frequency Polygon
• is a graph that represents the cumulative frequencies for the classes in a frequency distribution

  Ogive
• the frequencies are displayed by the heights of vertical bars, which are arranged in order from highest to lowest.

  Pareto Chart
• a circle that is divided into sections or wedges according to the percentage of frequencies in each of the distributions.

  Pie Charts
• a data plot that uses part of the data value as the stem and part of the date value as leaf to form groups or classes

  Stem and Leaf Plot
• is a graph used when the proportion of data values that fall into a given class is more important than the actual number of data value that fall into that class

  Relative Frequency Graphs