SQ1: Ameba, Flagellates, Hemoflagellates and Protozoa

•  TRUE OR FALSE: Amebas transform from trophozoites to cysts on entry into an unsuspecting human. FALSE.
• Formed stool specimens are more likely to contain cysts.
• Infections with intestinal amebas are prevalent in underdeveloped countries with poor sanitary conditions.
• E. histolytica infection is traditionally diagnosed by finding trophozoites and/or cysts in a suspected stool sample.
• The infective stage of E. histolytica is cyst.
• Patient’s blood type is not responsible for the asymptomatic carrier state of a patient infected with E. histolytica.
• Boiling water or treat with iodine crystals can control the spread of E. histolytica
• The specimen of choice for the recovery of N. fowleri is cerebrospinal fluid.
• Humans most often contract N. fowleri by swimming in contaminated water     
• The ameboid trophozoites of N. fowleri enter the human body through entry through the nasal mucosa, inhalation of contaminated dust, and sniffing contaminated water.
• The control and prevention of N. fowleri include providing education and awareness in the medical community.
• The specimen of choice for diagnosing Acanthamoeba species trophozoites and cysts is cerebrospinal fluid.     
• Humans may acquire Acanthamoeba species by aspiration or nasal inhalation of the organisms or direct invasion of the parasites in the eye.
•  Infections with Acanthamoeba species are encountered in the eye.
• To prevent infection with Acanthamoeba species, contact lens wearers should avoid using homemade nonsterile saline solutions.
• Individuals become infected with G. intestinalis by ingesting contaminated food or drink.
• Individuals at risk for contracting G. intestinalis when camping and hiking are encouraged to use only bottled water for drinking, cooking & appropriate personal hygiene. 
• T. vaginalis may be recovered in these specimen types: spun urine, vaginal discharge, stool, and urethral discharge.
• TRUE OR FALSE:  All cases of T. vaginalis infection result in symptomatic vaginitis in women and urethritis in men.  FALSE
• A common name for disease caused by L. donovani are: visceral leishmaniasis, kala-azar, and dum dum fever.
• The enlargement of cervical lymph nodes in reference to trypanosomal disease caused by T.b. gambiense is referred to as Winterbottom's sign.
• The diagnostic stage of T.b. rhodesiense is the trypomastigote.
• Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense is the trypanosomal parasites that causes sleeping sicknesses is the more aggressive form.
• The specimen of choice for the detection of T. cruzi is blood.
• Somnolence is not a characteristic finding in Chagas' disease.