HIV LAWS

• Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998

  RA 8504
• Philippine HIV and AIDS Policy Act of 2018


  • RA 11166
  • Signed by Pres. Rodrigo Duterte on Dec. 20, 2018
  • Lobbied by Senator Risa Hontiveros and Representative Kaka Bag-Ao of Dinagat Islands
• The government is mandated to create relevant policies and adopt a multi-sectoral involvement for the prevention of HIV infection and to ensure accessibility to hospital services
• Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

  • Obligate intracellular parasites which infects CD4+ cells or the T-helper cell
  • Family retrovirida(e)
  • Genus - Lentivirus
  • Single-stranded, enveloped RNA
• Enzymes of the virus that infect healthy cells

  1. Reverse transcriptase - used for the virus transcription of RNA to DNA inside the cell

  2. Integrase - virus utilizes to penetrate the target cells in the body (enzyme)

  3. Protease - responsible for the maturation of the virus inside the target cell (e.g. gives nutrients)
• Gp120 and gp41


  Important glycoproteins located on the surface of the viral wall and responsible for the point attachment to target cells
• Red Ribbon


  Global symbol for solidarity with HIV positive people and those living with AIDS
• December 1, 1988: World AIDS Day, is dedicated to raising awareness of the AIDS pandemic caused by the spread of HIV infection, and mourning those who have died of the disease

  
• AIDS


  End stage of HIV
• You can still prolong HIV by subjecting yourself to ART or Antiretroviral Therapy, this will just prolong the multiplication of the virus inside your body
• Myths about HIV

  • You will not get HIV by sleeping with a virgin
  • Donating blood will give you HIV
  • You cannot get HIV from a person who appears healthy
  • Washing the penis/vagina after sexual intercourse will prevent HIV
  • You may contract HIV from mosquito bites
  • AIDS can be cured
  • HIV and AIDS are the same thing
  • HIV is a death sentence
  • If you have sex with someone living with HIV, you will get HIV too
  • People with HIV can't have children
  • If both partners are HIV-positive, there's no need for condoms

  
• HIV can be contracted by having sex for money
• Foreigners are not fond of using condoms
• Practicing oral sex may give you HIV if you have lesion around the mouth during oral sex (portal of entry of virus)
• Anal sex presents a higher risk of HIV than vaginal sex because the rectal lining is more susceptible to HIV infection than vaginal lining (there are greater HIV target cells in that area)
• Effective use of condom will help prevent HIV (96% effective)
• Having multiple sexual partners puts you at a greater risk of getting HIV
• You can get HIV via

  • Sex without a condom
  • Passed from mother to baby (or Perinatal)
  • Sharing injecting equipment (or Parenteral)
  • Contaminated blood transfusions & organ transplants
• HIV is not transmitted by

  • Insect bites
  • Toilet seats
  • Kissing
  • Sharing cutlery
  • Touching
• Three major routes of HIV transmission

  • Sexual route
  • Mother-to-child route (perinatal)
  • Parenteral inoculation
• Sexual transmission

  • Sexual intercourse (vaginal and anal)
  • Oral sex
  • Heterosexual transmission
• Non-sexual transmission

  • Sharing of infection
  • Needle sticks
  • Blood transfusion
  • Hemophilia treatment
  • Mother to child
• Body fluids that contain small traces of HIV but not enough to transmit HIV

  • Saliva
  • Tears
  • Feces
  • Sweat
  • Sputum
  • Nasal Secretions
  • Urine

  
• Infectious fluids

  • Blood - includes menstrual blood
  • Semen
  • Rectal fluid
  • Vaginal fluids
  • Breast milk
• Ways an HIV+ pregnant woman can transmit HIV to her baby

  • During pregnancy
  • During vaginal childbirth
  • Through breastfeeding
• HIV/AIDS & ART Registry of the Philippines (HARP) is the official record of total number of diagnoses (laboratory-confirmed), ART outcome status and deaths among people with HIV in the Philippines

  
• All individuals in the HARP registry are confirmed by the San Lazaro Hospital STD/AIDS Cooperative Central Laboratory (SACCL) which is the HIV/ AIDS National Reference Laboratory (NRL) and DOH Certified Rapid HIV Confirmatory Laboratories (CrCLs). Confirmed HIV positive individuals were reported to the DOH Epidemiology Bureau (EB) and recorded to HARP.
• HARP is a passive surveillance system and except for HIV confirmation by the NRL & CrCLs, all other data submitted to the HARP are secondary and cannot be verified
• HIV 1

  • Central common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) origin
  • Two copies of single stranded RNA enclosed by a conical capsid which is surrounded by a plasma membrane that is formed from part of the host cell membrane
  • More virulent and easily transmitted
  • Source of the majority of HIV infections
  • Causative agent of AIDS in the US and Europe during early years

  
• HIV 2

  • Sooty mangabey (Cercocebus atys), old world monkey of Guinea Bissau, Gabon and Cameroon origin
  • Morphologically indistinguishable from HIV-1
  • Less easily transmitted
  • Largely confined to West Africa
• RA 8504


  • The Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998 (Feb. 13, 1998; before Valentine's Day)
  • Requires the witness to produce a document or documents pertinent to a proceeding
  • Summons to appear and give oral testimony for use at a hearing or trial
  • An act promulgating policies and prescribing measures for the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS in the Philippines, instituting a nationwide HIV/AIDS information and educational program, establishing a comprehensive HIV/AIDS monitoring system, strengthening the Philippine National Aids Council (PNAC), and for other purposes

  
• Compulsory HIV testing shall be considered unlawful
• The right to privacy of individuals with HIV shall be guaranteed
• Discrimination, in all its forms and subtleties, against individuals with HIV or persons perceived or suspected of having HIV shall be considered inimical to individual and national interest
• Provision of basic health and social services for individuals with HIV shall be assured
• SECTION 2: DECLARATION OF POLICIES


  • Promote public awareness (educational & info campaign) about the causes, modes of transmission, consequences, means of prevention and control of HIV/AIDS through a comprehensive nationwide educational and information campaign organized and conducted by the State
  • Such campaigns shall promote value formation and employ scientifically proven approaches, focus on the family as a basic social unit, and be carried out in all schools and training centers, workplaces, and communities
  • This program shall involve affected individuals and groups, including people living with HIV/AIDS
  • Extend to every person suspected or known to be infected with HIV/AIDS full protection of his/her human rights & civil liberties (right to privacy, discrimination, basic health & social services)
  • Promote utmost safety and universal precautions
  • Positively address and seek to eradicate conditions that aggravate the spread of HIV infection
  • Recognize the potential role of affected individuals in propagating vital information

  
• ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME (AIDS)

  • Condition characterized by a combination of signs and symptoms, caused by HIV contracted from another person and w/c attacks and weakens the body's immune system making the afflicted individual susceptible to other life-threatening infections
  • End stage – leads to death
• ANONYMOUS TESTING

  • Individual being tested (for HIV/AIDS) does not reveal his/her true identity; uses a symbol or number
  • They can decide whether they don't want to reveal their true identity
• CONTRACT TRACING

  Finding of the sexual partners of an individual tested/diagnosed with HIV
• PRE-TEST COUNSELING

  Discuss the biomedical aspects of the disease