Restoration of the crown

• 1642-48


  Civil war:

  between king charles (I)(cavaliers) and parliament/cromwell (roundheads)
• why didnt parliament agree with how charles ruled?

  he raised tax without parliament agreement
• in 1648 charles I was taken prisoner by parliament and new model army
• who won civil war?

  parliament
• what was prides purge?


  in 1648, cromwell ordered colonel pride to purge the members of parliament who wanted to negotiate with king charles (I)
• rump parliament 


  remaining parliament after prides purge
• jan 30th 1649 charles I was executed
• march 1649 act was passed that abolished role of king
• 1649-1660

  no king in england & scotland

  • interregnum
  • republic
  • commonwealth
• 1657


  cromwell got rid of parliament and ruled as ‘lord protector’
• 1658 


  cromwell died
• may 1660 charles II travelled back to england (from exile) from netherlands
• what did charles return on?

  ‘the royal charles’ ship
• 29th may 1660


  charles II arrived in england
• charles parents


  • charles I
  • henrietta maria (french connection)
• why was charles II in exile

  because parliament won civil war
• in 1650 charles made deal with scots by supporting want for home rule
• charles was proclaimed king by scots in 1650 and they invaded england with scottish army
• charles II defeated by cromwell in 1651 in Battle of Worcester
• charles escaped back into exile after Battle of Worcester defeat in 1651
• mid october 1651


  charles rejoined with his mother in paris and was granted a pension by french govt
• main factions of exiled royal court


  • louvre - revolving around his mother and her confidante lord
  • old royalist - led by conservatives like edward hyde
  • swordsmell - led by prince rupert
• puritans


  want anglican church to be more protestant
• anglicans


  want king as head of church, controlled by bishop in local areas
• presbytarians


  want anglican church more protestant, plain, vote for whos in charge
• catholicism


  • pope is head of church
  • dominated europe until 1500s - rome, spain, italy
  • many countries rejected catholic beliefs
• england under cromwell 


  • pointless enjoyment frowned upon
  • inns and theatres closed down
  • fined for swearing
  • xmas banned
  • caught playing sport on sunday, being whipped was punishment
• who became lord protector after oliver cronmwell died?

  Richard Cromwell
• why did richard cromwell resign in 1659?


  he couldnt hold onto power
• who tried to set up parliament after richards resignation?


  general lambert and general monck
• who wrote to general monck


  hyde - trying to persuade monck for charles II restoration
• what was charles II letter to monck in april 1660 about?

  deceleration of breda
• why did parliament invite charles back to england

  they were impressed by decleration of breda
• declaration of breda

  • indemnity - no prosecution for actions in civil war
  • promise to listen to parliament
  • ‘liberty to tender consciences’ - religious toleration
  • paying army wages
  • settlement of land disputes
• who was exempt from promise of indemnity ?


  the main 33 of group of regicides (wider group promised indemnity)
• why did religious toleration benefit charles?


  charles was secretly catholic
• What problems did the army face?

  Their wages needed to be paid, many didn’t want Charles II restored, soldiers hanging around in barracks threatened law
• how were the army’s problems resolved?


  convention parliament paid off wages and helped soldiers find work, general Monck sacked radical officers rom their regiments, act of indemnity protected soldiers from prosecution
• who decided who got indemnity

  declaration of Breda left it to parliament
• how many of the regicides were put on trial and executed?

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